The activities of each business entity include the combined work of a number of intermediate links (departments, shops, people, etc.). In order for the production process to be most effective, and the functioning of all divisions to be coordinated, a clear task is required. This becomes possible when using a plan that reflects the main goals of the organization. Compilation of forecast indicators is the basis of management policy. Its most significant components are the elements of development, as well as the implementation of tools that affect production functioning.
There are various types of plans. According to the forecasting period, there are:
1. Future or strategic plans. Their development reveals the future need for new types of a product, and also determines the strategy for the sale of goods in various consumer markets in the long term (ten to fifteen years).
2. Current plans. These forecasts are developed in the context of the reporting year.
3. Plans for operational production . These forecast values serve to refine the current indicators in more detail. The time intervals that cover these types of plans are extremely short. It can be an hour and a shift, a decade and a month. For the management process, such a plan is the basis for the smooth functioning of the enterprise and the manufacture of products. With the help of this forecast document, tasks are communicated to their direct executors, which are workers. Operational-production planning contains components that reflect inter-workshop, intra-workshop, as well as shift-daily tasks.
Classification of forecasting can be carried out according to other characteristics. Types of plans vary by:
- content (socio-labor and technical-economic, investment-financial and technological-organizational, etc.);
- managerial level (factory and corporate, as well as company);
- the methodology substantiating them (directive and administrative, indicative and market);
- the sector of application (individual and brigade, internal and inter-workshop);
- development stages (final and preliminary);
- degrees of accuracy (specified and enlarged).
There are types of plans and the nature of the compilation. They can be targeted or search. The first type of forecast development, as a matter of priority, involves setting goals. Then determines the amount of resources needed to solve the problem. Planning using the predicted type of indicators is the exact opposite of the target method. Based on the available number of factors of production, certain tasks are set for the functioning of a business entity.
Various types of business plans drawn up by firms are developed according to specific rules. First of all, they take into account the goal set for the company. The classification of business plans is carried out according to the following types:
1. To attract investors. Such developments contain detailed characteristics of the company and research in the field of marketing.
2. To obtain a loan. In such forecasting developments, the need of the enterprise for cash resources should be justified, as well as a significant benefit from their use should be indicated.
Current economic conditions dictate the need for planning financial indicators. Without solving this problem, it is impossible for an enterprise to carry out effective actions on the market. Types of financial plans, the indicators of which are based on the volume of finished goods, assortment list, as well as the cost of the product, are divided into:
- strategic;
- current;
- operational.
The forecast values indicated in these documents are an important basis for making management decisions at the enterprise.