A budget is a specific financial plan for a country. This concept also means the listing of all expenses and income. There are various types of state budgets. In this article we will consider the main ones.
The federal budget of the Russian Federation is a system that takes into account all the expenses and income of the country. With his participation, funds obtained through taxes are mobilized from legal entities and individuals. Purchased funds are allocated to various government needs. In particular, to strengthen defense capability, strengthen the national economy, finance social and cultural events, maintain state bodies, pay off the country's debts, create material reserves, and much more. The budget in question is managed by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The ongoing centralization of funds is crucial for the country. Thus, the state has the ability to maneuver financial resources, focusing them on the main facilities. So the country can determine its further economic development, direct its efforts not only on tactical, but also on strategic issues. It is worth noting that the federal budget is the most important and largest among all such structures of the Russian Federation.
The next most important types of budgets are the budgets of administrative-territorial and national-state entities. They are divided into many varieties. In particular, these are the budgets of republican, regional, regional, autonomous entities. There are also city budgets of St. Petersburg and Moscow. As in the first case, such structures take into account the income and expenses of the territorial entity, as well as centralize funds for their further use.
What other types of budgets are there? The next most important are the structures that operate at the local level. It also records and redistributes income and expenses. There are various types of local budgets. In particular, these are settlement, district, rural and urban structures. Money in local budgets comes mainly from taxation, own revenues and various financial assistance. The costs of such structures are associated with solving local problems and paying off debts on municipal loans.
We examined the main types of budgets of the Russian Federation. It is worth noting that there are certain relationships between such structures. They obey some principles. In particular, the local budget cannot decrease with a significant increase in own revenues. In addition, the fund for financial support of various municipal organizations is formed at the expense of regional and federal taxes.
In the relationship between the links of budgets there are certain problems. In particular, the predominant part of taxes is concentrated in the center, and the smallest part remains for the needs of the regions. In addition, the volume of financing of territorial entities is reduced.
The formation of budget programs takes place in several stages. Firstly, experts develop a forecast for socio-economic development. Secondly, the government reviews the forecasts, and then prepares a special message to the Federal Assembly. Thirdly, the budget message is adjusted by the president. Fourth, the president speaks in the Federal Assembly. Fifth, there is a discussion of budgets, and then their adoption.
In general, the types of budgets in Russia are quite numerous and diverse. However, all of them are divided into three main categories, which were considered in this article.