Today, almost every woman turns to a gynecologist with cystic formations in the ovaries.
A pathological formation, that is, a cyst, is a watery bladder located in or near the ovary.
The causes of cystic formations can be different: inflammatory or infectious processes in the pelvic organs, surgery, abortion, frequent hypothermia, hormonal disorders.
Removal of an ovarian cyst using laparoscopy
The operation to remove the ovarian cyst is mainly performed by laparoscopy. Previously, an open intervention was performed to remove the ovarian cyst , but laparoscopy does not require tissue incisions. The operation to remove the ovarian cyst using laparoscopy is as follows: a syringe filled with air is inserted into the abdominal cavity, which allows the inserted tube with a camera to get an image of the organs under examination on a monitor. If the diagnosed ovarian cyst is confirmed, then it is removed. An assessment is also made of the condition of all the pelvic organs of a woman. If the cyst is large, then its removal occurs in two stages. First, the body of the cyst is punctured, then its contents are aspirated, then the cyst itself is removed. This is done in order to avoid accidental rupture of the body of the cyst and the outflow of its contents into the internal organs. This method allows you to remove a large cyst through a puncture of one centimeter in diameter. In this case, the woman’s ovary is partially or completely preserved after surgery. The operation to remove the ovarian cyst can be performed using an ordinary incision, it all depends on the experience of the surgeon and the availability of special equipment.
Possible complications with ovarian cysts
The presence of an ovarian cyst in a woman can be accompanied by: pain, painful menstruation, an increase in the period of the menstrual cycle, lack of menstruation, or inability to conceive. But this is not the worst, if the cyst progresses, and no treatment is performed, then serious complications can occur, which manifest themselves in the form of:
- spotting;
- rupture of a cyst;
- proliferation of cysts, which can lead to torsion of the ovary;
- abnormal changes in the cyst leading to cancer;
- infertility.
Methods for removing cystic masses
The operation to remove the ovarian cyst is possible by several methods:
- Cystectomy - this method allows you to save the ovary by removing only the cystic mass. Ovarian function and the woman’s ability to conceive in the shortest period after surgery are also preserved.
- Resection of the ovarian cyst is a method in which damaged ovarian tissue is excised, and a large, healthy part is preserved.
- Ovariectomy - removal of the ovary.
- Adnexectomy - removal of the ovary and the fallopian tube or two fallopian tubes that are to be submitted to it.
The postoperative period should be accompanied by anti-adhesive procedures.
Cyst
ovary and pregnancy
There are two types of cystic formations during pregnancy: functional, or follicular, ovarian cyst and pathological cyst. In the first case, no surgical intervention is required. In the second, deletion is required. A functional cyst is a normal phenomenon that results in increased ovarian function during pregnancy. Such an ovarian cyst during pregnancy resolves after the first trimester. A pathological cyst occurs due to the presence of infection in the pelvic organs or hormonal disorders. Today, surgeons very successfully solve this problem, while maintaining pregnancy.