The population of Miass is 151 856 people, according to 2017. This is a large city in the Chelyabinsk region, the center of the eponymous urban district. Located on the river of the same name, at the very foot of the Ilmensky Mountains, to Chelyabinsk a little less than a hundred kilometers. It is on the territory of this district that a significant part of the Ilmensky reserve is located.
How many people live in Miass?
The first data on the population of Miass relate to 1897. Then 16,100 people lived here. Then there was a systematic increase in the population of Miass, which lasted until 1989. By that time, 167,839 people officially lived in the city.
During perestroika, as in the whole of Russia, problems began in the Chelyabinsk region, Miass was no exception. Moreover, the systematic decline in the population of Miass continued throughout most of the 2000s, when the financial and economic situation in the country began to improve. Until 2013, fewer and fewer residents remained in the city. As a result, the population of Miass decreased to 150,665 people.
Only in the last few years has the situation stabilized, and even a regular increase has been outlined. True, it is still very insignificant. The population of the city of Miass at the moment is 151 856 people.
History of the city
The first settlement in these places was formed in 1773. It arose thanks to the merchant Hilarion Luginin, who began to build a smelter in the district. True, it could not be completed due to the outbreak of the Pugachevsky uprising.
It was possible to launch the enterprise at full capacity only in 1777. In the first decade, the pace of production was systematically managed to increase. Soon the plant went to the founder’s nephews, Nikolai and Ivan Luginin, the sons of his brother Maxim. True, it soon became clear that there is not so much copper in these places. In 1798, the Luginins sold the plant to the state; in the next two years, copper production was completely stopped. Then it resumed, but in much smaller volumes than at the very beginning. In the middle of the XIX century, the maintenance of the plant completely became unprofitable, it was closed.
Gold mines
At that time, Miass began to actively develop thanks not to copper, but to gold. In the first half of the 19th century, large reserves of this precious metal were discovered in a river valley of the same name. Already by 1836, developments were opened here - as many as 23 gold placers and 54 mines.
The most famous mine was Tsarevo-Aleksandrovsky, also known as Leninsky. In 1824, the richest scattering of these places was discovered, by the summer a mine had already been laid. Alexander I even came to the mines. According to legend, the emperor even decided to try to find gold himself. On the first day he was lucky, Alexander found a nugget that weighed three kilograms.
In the middle of the century, a gold mining partnership was founded in these places. Among his shareholders were many representatives of the St. Petersburg aristocracy. Almost all large mines, from which half of all products were mined, entered its borders. It was when this partnership began to work that the technical achievements of our time began to be introduced into gold mining. This led to the heyday of fishing.
During these years, the history of the settlement was most directly connected with Yegor Simonov, who became the wealthiest man in the whole city. He made an invaluable contribution to the development of Miass, although at that time the settlement was not yet officially considered a city.
Gold mining was the basis of the city of Miass until the very beginning of the XX century. When at the end of the October Revolution all enterprises were nationalized, large associations began to fall apart in large numbers. As a result, work was carried out on minor mining trades.
Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
In 1891, it was from Miass that the large-scale construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began, which followed to Vladivostok. The section from Samara to the easternmost point of the road is especially famous. Its length was about 7000 kilometers.
The first train went from Miass to Chelyabinsk in 1892, and workers who carried material for laying rails left it. In 1903, the first train covered the distance from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg. In 1992, a memorial sign dedicated to the centennial anniversary of the start of construction of the so-called Great Siberian Railway was erected at the Miass 1 railway station in a festive atmosphere.
City Status
When the First World War began, the government in Miass evacuated the saw factory from Riga. A year later, a sawmill was launched here, which for a long time remained the leading enterprise in the industry. Now it is a tool factory, which continues its work today.
A year after the war, the question arose of giving Miass city status. Prior to this, Troitsk had to obey, and this hindered the economic development of the plant. In 1919, Miass became a contiguous, and then a county town. Officially, he received the status of the city in 1926. Now we know in which year the city of Miass was founded.
The industrialization that has begun in the country has led to the fact that it was possible to give a new life to the gold industry, to increase the productivity and profitability of the mines. In 1932, an electric substation was built here, the first floating gold factory started operating. The following year, the mines of several mines were launched at once. The forest industry began to develop actively. Commercial timber, fasteners, charcoal and sleepers were sent from Maiss to enterprises in the South Urals.
Since 1939, active construction of the city center has been ongoing. In November 1941, motor production was launched on the basis of the Stalin plant, evacuated after the start of World War II. Here gearboxes and engines were produced, and since 1944 they began to produce the ZIS-5 car. It was on them that the famous Katyushas were mounted, which hit the enemy with their accuracy and rate of fire.
After the war, the production of Ural vehicles was arranged here. Miass of the Chelyabinsk region has always been and remains an industrial city, during the war, the workshops of the Dynamo metropolitan plant were evacuated here, which produced products for the front.
Miass Development
The areas and streets of the city mainly began to appear in the 40s of the XX century. Central Street - Avtozavodtsev Avenue, which previously bore the name of Stalin. From here, the modern city actually began. After the war, only a small narrow gauge railway was laid in these places from the factory entrance to the Miass railway station. Construction materials were transported along it, and a cobblestone pavement was laid in parallel. The captured Germans worked mainly.
After the war, the avenue was finally rebuilt and became its decoration. In reviews of the city of Miass in Russia in the Chelyabinsk region, neat houses of a small number of storeys with original stucco decorations are always noted. The avenue was actively built up in the 1960s, and in the 80s the flow of transport increased significantly, many trees were cut down, but a trolley bus was launched.
Builders Village
Information about the city of Miass always contains information about its young areas, which began to develop only in the 1960s. For example, this is the village of Builders. It was settled by volunteers who came from the south of Russia, hence the names of streets unusual for these places - Donskaya, Kerch, Sevastopol.
In 1955, the history of the district begins in the city of Miass in the Chelyabinsk region under the name Mashgorodok. It appeared thanks to the decision of the government to transfer the design bureau from Zlatoust to Miass and to create an experimental base for rocket science at this place.
To carry out landscaping work, highly qualified specialists were invited to the city of Miass in the Chelyabinsk Region, who built residential houses and schools, kindergartens and shops. Victor Makeev played a large role in the development of the city; he served as general designer of the engineering bureau. Each time, when his design bureau handed over the next batch of missiles for service, he sought funding for the development of the social sphere of the city. Over time, Miass opened its own clinic, the Neptune Hotel, the Vostok Cinema, the Zarya Sports Palace, the Children's Creativity Palace called Yunost, the stadium and other sports facilities.
Mashgorodk has always been distinguished by the fact that special attention was paid to beautification. Well-groomed sidewalks and roads, a large number of squares, flower beds, buildings had original decoration, linden alleys and silver spruces gave a special look. Mashgorodok significantly expanded the borders of Miass, updating the overall look of the city. For its design and construction, which was carried out taking into account the existing natural landscape, the architect bureau received the State Prize.
In the 70s of the last century, the construction of a large-panel house-building plant began. A whole complex of buildings appeared in the Ilmen State Nature Reserve named after Lenin, they housed research laboratories, a mineralogical museum.
In 1976, a clinic in the village of Dynamo was commissioned, and a spacious shopping center appeared in the northern part of the city. In 1981, the grand opening of the railway station. In the same building, a bus station appeared over time.
The public transport network was changed, now most of the routes went to the stations. The central and northern parts of the city were connected by a running trolleybus line.
Old city
The southern part of the city, which adjoins the Miass Pond, is commonly called the Old Town. Behind the pond itself are two small villages - Penzia and Koshelevka. It is generally accepted that these villages arose almost from the moment the city itself was founded.
Their story is as follows. Since the 17th century, Bashkir cats remained near the river, and the name of the settlement came from the name Koshelev, which is very common in modern Miass. Most likely, it was one of the first settlers.
The name Penzia comes from the city of the same name, from which Luginin acquired serfs who worked at his factory. Therefore, the place in which they were settled received such a name.
Modern Miass
So, we found out what the population of the city of Miass is. At the moment, its area is almost 112 square kilometers, and the total length of the roads of the settlement is 454 kilometers.
The housing area is very impressive - almost three and a half thousand square kilometers, despite the fact that the total population of Miass is 151 856 people. The city has 34 schools, 68 kindergartens. Young people here can receive not only secondary, but also higher education. Six professional technical schools, six technical schools, and three branches of universities work.
The cultural potential of the city is as follows:
- three palaces of culture,
- two museums
- 38 libraries
- 11 clubs and houses of culture.
Since the production of a machine-building complex prevails in the city, it is customary to classify it as so-called single-industry towns. At the same time, tourist and sanatorium zones are developing in the entire Miass urban district, whose population is 167,481 people. For example, travelers here can enjoy amazing views and unique nature on the ski slopes, on Turgoyak Lake, and you can even ride snowmobiles on the peaks of the South Urals. In recent years, independent tourism has been developing, which is becoming increasingly popular. In these places, the Ilmen Authors Song Festival is held annually, which gathers hundreds of participants and guests.
In the immediate vicinity of the city of Miass there are a large number of cities and small towns, the total number of inhabitants in which reaches half a million people. This is Zlatoust, Chebarkul, Karabash.
The urban district includes the villages of Gorny, Arkhangelskoye, Golden Beach, Upper Atlyan, Verkhny Iremel, Zelenaya Roscha, Krasny, Mikheyevka, Nizhniy Atlyan, Novotagilka, Oktyabrsky, Severnye Pechi, Selyankino, Tyelga, Ural-Dacha, the villages of Novoandreevka, Smorodinka, Ustinovo , Chernivske, villages of the railway stations ridge, Syrostan, Turgoyak.
The city's attractions
One of the main attractions of Miass is considered the natural science museum of the Ilmensky reserve, which belongs to the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five largest geological and mineralogical museums in Russia. In total there are six halls, the total area of which is more than two thousand square meters. You can find about nine thousand exhibits in them.
Also in the city there is a museum of local lore, which is located in the mansion of goldmaker Simonov.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the giant stationery park, which is open in Mashgorodok. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. In it you can see five figures of stationery, which are considered the largest on the planet.
Miass sports pride is considered the Torpedo football club, which was founded in 1942. Throughout its history, the club was disbanded several times, but each time it was reborn again. In the 90s, the team had a professional status, in 1997 even reached the 1/8 finals of the Russian Cup. Speaking under the name UralAZ, players from Miass lost to Moscow Lokomotiv 0-5. Now the local club is playing in the championship of the Chelyabinsk region.