Modern dentists study the structure of teeth, methods of their treatment. In their competence and the deliverance of mankind from ailments of the oral cavity. Disease prevention - under the auspices of therapists. Narrow specialization allows the patient to provide a better service. And the speech in our article will focus on such a phenomenon as dental diseases. We will also consider the most common oral diseases, their symptoms and preventive measures.
The most common dental diseases
Hard tissues undergo ailments caused by defects in the crown. They may vary in character and volume. The severity will depend on the duration of the inflammatory process, and on whether a specialist intervention was performed in a timely manner. What are the most common dental diseases found in dental practice?
- Caries.
- Hypersthesia
- Pathology of erasing dental units.
- Wedge-shaped defect.
What symptoms should alert a person
Not all diseases signal pain about their progression. Specialists warn the population that bleeding of mucous membranes should alert a person. If it is not caused by mechanical damage to the tissues, then you must consult a doctor. He will establish the cause and prescribe the treatment.
Sensitivity of teeth to temperature changes, reaction to sweet or sour indicates the existence of a problem. In such cases, postponing a visit to the dentist is extremely unwise.
The formation of ulcers on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity suggests that health is at risk. Timely contacting a specialist will allow you to solve the problem without extra time, nerves and material resources.
Hypersthesia
This disease is characterized by an increase in the sensitivity of hard tissues. Most often it is expressed in pain, which quickly pass. Such irritants provoke them as temperature extremes, contact with sour or sweet.
The causes of the disease are the effects of caries, increased abrasion of bone tissue, a wedge-shaped defect, erosion. The enamel prism becomes permeable. Irritants affect the pulp, making the tooth sensitive. Treatment is prescribed after determining the cause of the disease
Dental Disease: Caries
This is the most common ailment in the field of dentistry. Sooner or later, it affects almost every person. What you need to know about the disease?
Regardless of the location of the tooth lesion, all types of caries go through 4 stages of development. In our medicine, it is customary to distinguish this type of ailment depending on the degree of deepening of the destructive process in the tissue.
1. The appearance of white chalk stripes or spots is the first stage of the development of the disease. It is easiest to treat. Diagnose the disease by the presence of spots on the enamel. There is a pain reaction to acidic and sweet irritants, and to a temperature drop. Unpleasant sensations quickly disappear when contact with them ceases.
2. Medium caries is characterized by a dentin lesion. This is a deeper layer of the dental unit. A cavity is visualized on the surface. Pain can be removed most often by taking analgesics.
3. Dentitis near-pulpal - the lesion moves deeper. Pain sensations are becoming more noticeable. The transition of the disease to the fourth stage can be rapid.
4. Pulpitis is already a deep stage. The pulp, which is penetrated by nerve endings and blood vessels, is affected.
And these are far from the most terrible dental diseases, the photo of which is presented below.
Wedge defect
What it is? The disease is caused by the formation of a cavity in the neck of the tooth. The defect is wedge-shaped. An ailment is visualized in the form of a step on an enamel. The affected unit is prone to chips. Sometimes the entire crown part is destroyed. Most often, the cause of the occurrence is insufficient oral hygiene or, conversely, excessive mechanical exposure to the brush and toothpaste. Diseases of this kind are subject to treatment only at the initial stage of their occurrence. Dentists prescribe a procedure for remineralization. In advanced cases, the affected part is removed and the unit is covered with a crown or veneer.
Hard tissue abrasion pathology
Disease of non-carious etiology. Over time, the patient noted a significant decrease in the dental unit, due to rapid abrasion. Such an ailment leads to an early loss of hard tissues. In most cases, the pathology is diagnosed in all teeth. In this regard, pointed areas appear at their edges. Accordingly, they injure the lips and mucous membrane in the oral cavity. With such a disease, it is very important to conduct treatment in a timely manner. Otherwise, the patient faces a shortening of the dental units and the occurrence of defects in the lower facial area.
The manifestation of the disease can be triggered by overload, when not all units are present in the jaw arch. Also, experts call such reasons as an incorrect bite, marriage in the prosthesis, softness of bone tissues. Such dental diseases are treated by stabilizing the process and preventing their progress. Tabs and crowns are great for these purposes.
The most common diseases of the gums and oral cavity
The body always signals a malfunction of an organ. First, let's talk about what diseases of the dental cavity are most often found in dental practice.
Most often, patients suffer from soft tissue inflammation. The initial stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. Due to the progression of the disease and the failure to provide timely medical care, the disease turns into a new form. It is called periodontitis. And the final stage in this chain is periodontal disease. Below we will talk briefly about these ailments and the features of their course.
Frequent diseases of the oral cavity also include candidiasis. This is a fungal tissue lesion. The disease is expressed in the form of the appearance of white plaque (spots), sores, vesicles in the tongue, palate, gums, and internal parts of the cheeks. If such rashes are found, you should immediately consult a doctor for help.
Gingivitis
Only a small number of people do not suffer from this disease (about 3%). The inflammatory process on the gum is manifested in the form of its edema, redness. Unpleasant sensations appear. Gums become easily vulnerable, bleed when mechanically exposed to them.
The cause of the disease is most often insufficient oral hygiene. Microbes left between the teeth quickly affect the gum tissue.
Initial treatment requires some effort. However, most often it gives the desired result. Therefore, it is extremely important not to start the disease, but when the first symptoms appear, rush to the doctor.
Periodontitis
This is an inflammatory process that encompasses the soft tissues surrounding the tooth, as well as ligaments and bone tissue. Unlike gingivitis, this ailment is characterized by damage to the deeper layers. The blood supply process is also disrupted. Often tissue degeneration is observed. Modern medicine can cope with the disease at its initial stage. But treatment requires some effort and patience.
And this is not the worst dental disease. Symptoms of the disease are expressed in the spread of the focus of inflammation, lowering of the gingival margin, bleeding, discomfort and smell. It is difficult not to notice them, so most patients seek help at this particular stage of the disease.
Tooth Disease: Periodontal Disease
This ailment is non-inflammatory in nature. During its progression, the bone tissue surrounding the tooth is absorbed. This leads to mobility of the units of the jaw arch. The disease is dangerous because it proceeds initially with virtually no symptoms. Gum bleeding disappears, there is no pain. The main alarm is the occurrence of an increased reaction to irritants in the neck of the tooth. This mainly occurs during meals.
What are the causes of the ailment? It all starts with the formation of plaque, which leads to inflammation of the soft tissues. At the same time, there are a number of additional factors that give impetus to the development of periodontal disease. Dentists list the following reasons:
1. Change in hormonal levels.
2. Chronic diseases.
3. Diabetes.
4. Immunodeficiency.
5. Oncological diseases.
6. Taking certain medications.
7. Bad habits, etc.
The disease can take a long time in a sluggish mode, without causing much trouble to the patient. But then it progresses rapidly: the teeth are loosened and may even fall out. At this stage, it is almost impossible to treat a drug ailment with medication. Doctors provide comprehensive assistance. The patient is prescribed both taking medications, and professional hygiene procedures, and splinting of mobile units.
Prevention
Undoubtedly, if our population paid due attention to this moment, we would have much less likely to have dental diseases. And then we would not have to waste our time, nerves and money on getting rid of them. At all times, doctors have warned that the disease is easier to prevent. Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to draw your attention to a few simple recommendations. Prevention of dental diseases does not take you much time.
It is enough to pay due attention to oral hygiene, monitor your diet and get rid of bad habits. And there is nothing burdensome in going to the dentist for a routine examination. Since the disease can manifest itself within six months, then visiting a doctor is enough twice a year.