The internal combustion engine (abbreviated as ICE) was invented in the mid-19th century. Since then, a lot has changed. Currently, it is used in absolutely all production cars. This mechanism has been improved more than once, but the principle of operation of the internal combustion engine as such has remained the same.
There are four-stroke and
two-stroke engines. In the latter, all cycles (direct fuel injection, exhaust gas ejection and purging) occur in two cycles in one working revolution of the crankshaft. In the structure of such mechanisms there are no additional valves. The piston directly copes with their function, since during the movement it alternately closes the inlet, outlet and blow holes. Therefore, the
principle of operation of a two-stroke
internal combustion engine is quite simple.
In theory, the power of a two-stroke product is two times greater than that of a four-stroke product (due to the increased number of working strokes). However, in practice this is not entirely true. The principle of operation of the internal combustion engine is that due to incomplete piston stroke, less intense release of residual exhaust gas and some other factors, an increase in power of no more than 60 - 70 percent is observed at the output.
The engine runs in two cycles. During the first stroke, the piston rapidly moves from the lower to the upper position. In the course of its movement, it closes the exhaust and purge windows. At this point, there is a strong compression of the previously received fuel fluid. After this comes the second beat. The principle of operation of the internal combustion engine is that the compressed fuel is ignited by a candle. Under the action of the gas expansion force, the piston shifts toward the bottom "dead" position. In this case, useful work is done. As soon as the piston is lowered enough to open the outlet, the
exhaust gases are sent to the atmosphere. The pressure in the cylinder rapidly decreases, and the piston by inertia still goes down. In the lower position, the purge hole opens and a new portion of fresh combustible mixture enters from the so-called crank chamber, in which it is under pressure.
A two-stroke power unit is a fairly convenient mechanism. However, given the principle of operation of an internal combustion engine, it has its own advantages. Compared to the four-stroke, it is less bulky, much easier to manufacture, does not require volumetric lubrication systems and gas distribution. This all significantly reduces the cost of the sample and the cost of its maintenance.
This type of engine also has quite significant disadvantages, which make it not the most efficient unit. Such devices are quite noisy and work much louder than four-stroke counterparts. Four-stroke products, however, operate with less vibration, since the principle of operation of a two-stroke type internal combustion engine makes it necessary to create a larger number of oscillatory movements. Fuel consumption in terms of one horsepower is 300 grams. For comparison, four-stroke models need only 200 grams of fuel.