Previously, the removal of a disturbing tooth was considered a solution to many oral problems. Today, surgical dentistry is a branch of medicine aimed at maintaining the integrity of the dentition, removal is carried out only in extreme cases. Modern technologies make it possible to heal even the most complex disorders and maintain the functionality, aesthetics and health of all teeth.
Description of the technique
Surgical dentistry is a branch of medicine that specializes in operations on the teeth, jaw and oral cavity. The opinion that only tooth extraction belongs to this area is erroneous.
Dental surgeons are engaged in implantation, removal of neoplasms, treatment of jaw injuries, elimination of birth defects and other problems that cannot be solved with conservative treatment. Unique modern working methods and high quality equipment make the procedures effective even in the most difficult cases. Today we can safely say that surgical dentistry is a new round in medicine that can eliminate any mistake of nature or of the person himself.
Services
In addition to the usual removal of dentition units, this branch of medicine offers the following services to the population:
- plastic surgery on the jaw and face;
- implantation;
- surgical treatment of salivary glands;
- removal of neoplasms;
- operations on the gums and other tissues of the oral cavity;
- partial or complete root resection;
- treatment of the temporomandibular joints;
- trigeminal treatment;
- elimination of the causes of sinusitis, periodontitis, abscesses and so on.
Absolutely all procedures are performed only by highly qualified specialists and modern equipment. Education in medical schools at the dental faculties is carried out according to the literature edited by Professor T. G. Robustova. Surgical dentistry, it can be said, appeared in its modern incarnation precisely thanks to this specialist, therefore graduates have a full-fledged base for high-quality work in the future.
Reasons to visit a surgeon
It’s not possible to go to the dentist’s surgeon yourself.
Specialists in this industry work strictly for medical reasons, the direction is issued by the department of therapeutic dentistry. The surgical industry is activated only when no conservative treatment methods help patients. Among the problems are:
- the need for implantation;
- facial neuralgia;
- periodontitis;
- pericoronitis;
- complex forms of periodontal disease and periodontitis;
- purulent formations - abscesses, cysts, etc .;
- the need for tooth extraction;
- abnormalities in the formation of the dentition or jaw.
Main stream
Since today surgical dentistry is a branch of medicine aimed at preserving teeth, manipulations to eliminate various problems are the main ones.
Most often, specialists perform operations to resect the apex of the root of the tooth and remove the affected fragment or the entire root while preserving the tooth itself.
Cystotomy and cystectomy procedures are also performed. They represent the removal of a cyst, after which the wound is sutured, and the tooth remains intact.
Less often, surgeons prepare teeth for implantation of artificial roots by tissue regeneration, root resection, elongation of the tooth crown, and so on.
Basic stereotype
Although in reality tooth extraction is not the main and only direction of this branch of medicine, it still takes place in cases where treatment is no longer possible. Only with extensive carious damage, over-completeness of teeth, malocclusion, serious injuries or abscesses does surgical dentistry resort to such measures. Surgery involves prior anesthesia before each procedure.
It is carried out by injection directly near the unit to be removed. After exposure to anesthesia, the doctor first releases the tooth from the edge of the gums by flaking, and then loosens it and removes it with special forceps from the hole. If necessary, the wound is then sutured, pre-treated with antiseptics.
Preparation for restoration of the dentition
Methods of surgical dentistry include tooth extraction and with the aim of further installation of implants in their place. This is necessary in the absence or presence of strongly tilted units that go beyond the row. Prosthetics in order to prepare the oral cavity for the installation of implants also helps to correct the shape of the alveolar part or process, eliminate scars, cords of the mucous membrane, torus of the hard palate and conduct alveoplasty.
A prerequisite for such an operation is only a sufficient amount of bone tissue to install an artificial tooth.
To ensure that the implantation is as comfortable as possible and no further rejection occurs, the specialist must correctly diagnose the condition of the oral cavity and draw up an action plan. In this case, the oral cavity must be in a satisfactory condition, which means that if necessary, additional treatment should be carried out in advance. The operation should be carried out in accordance with all protocols, using high-quality instruments and high-quality implants. The result largely depends on the professionalism of the doctor, so every little thing should be taken into account.
Inflammatory diseases
Serious inflammation is treated by surgery in the oral cavity by removing the focus of infection. With such procedures, anesthesia and antibacterial therapy are necessarily used. As a rule, a specialist opens an abscess, sanitizes the affected area, treats it with disinfectants and, if necessary, sutures it.
This method treats sinusitis, periodontitis, phlegmon, osteomyelitis, abscess and other inflammations of the teeth, jaw, face and trigeminal nerve.
Soft tissue surgery
The manual for students, which can be freely downloaded to your device in pdf format ("Surgical Dentistry"), describes in detail the implementation of various manipulations on the gums. Most often, specialists perform gingivoplasty, gingivectomy and patchwork operations.
The first procedure is the transplantation of soft tissues from the palate to the gum of a tooth with the aim of building it up. The need for such an operation occurs when exposing the neck of the tooth due to the prolapse of the gums.
Gingivectomy is the reverse of the previous procedure. In its course, excess gum tissue around the teeth is removed, which already interferes with oral hygiene.
Patchwork is necessary to reduce gingival pockets, the depth of which is above normal. Most often, such a need arises in severe forms of periodontitis. During the procedure, the doctor cuts the gum to open the affected area of the tooth and clean it.
Jaw surgery
With congenital malformations of the jaw or acquired disorders due to injuries, restoration of the aesthetic appearance of the face and normal functioning of the chewing apparatus is carried out by microsurgery and implant implantation. Such operations are very complex and require preliminary bone growth under general anesthesia.
Help children
Pediatric surgical dentistry is aimed at eliminating congenital anomalies of the face, ears and jaw, paralysis of facial muscles of the face, removing teeth, cysts, fistulas, hemangiomas and tumors. This area of surgery involves the correction of almost any pathology of the chewing apparatus, but most often they resort to it in the direction of ordinary pediatricians and speech therapists.
The fact is that problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds in older children and difficulties with sucking in infants are most often associated with the structure of the frenum of the tongue or lips. For correction, pruning is used. Dental surgeons also carry out this procedure.