A tanker for the transportation of petroleum products belongs to the category of trucks and is supplemented by a special tank. It has high safety requirements, as well as other vehicles used to transport dangerous goods.
There are many varieties of petroleum products that are grouped by similar properties:
- hot bitumen material;
- solid substances (cold bitumen, paraffin);
- preservation and plastic greases;
- petroleum oils (hydraulic, transformer, insulating, motor);
- fuel (aviation, jet and diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline).
Tanker for the transportation of petroleum products: varieties
Cars can have a different purpose. Some are used to transport oils and fuels to their destination. Others provide two functions at the same time: transportation of fuel and refueling equipment. A tank truck for the transportation of petroleum products must comply with the fire safety requirements in view of the characteristics of the transported substances that are explosive. The design consists of several compartments necessary for the simultaneous transportation of several types of fuel.
Characteristics
Specifications depend on the destination and determine such parameters as:
- total mass of the tank;
- diameter of the pipeline;
- maximum speed (about 70 km / h);
- number of compartments;
- volume;
- materials used for manufacturing;
- the location of the technical cabinet;
- vehicle shape.
In a fuel truck it is possible to transport both light and dark oil products, which include fuel oil. But after their delivery for subsequent operation as intended, preliminary treatment with hot steam is required.
The main difference between a gas tanker and a conventional fuel truck is to equip the first option with a drain pump and a dispensing crane. In addition, many modern ATZs have fuel metering devices.
If a tanker for the transportation of petroleum products, whose dimensions are on average within 9x2.5x4 meters, has several compartments, each of them must be equipped with a separate drain, this is necessary to eliminate the likelihood of mixing various types of materials.
Alternative option
Transportation of petroleum products is also possible with the help of three-axle trailers that are attached to tractor units (MAZ, URAL). This type of transportation is optimally suited for off-road, as they are equipped with specialized tires and additional clearance lighting. In addition, they are equipped with spare wheels, which ensures safety and smooth transportation.
The following equipment is included in the package of the trailer tank:
- screw jacks placed on both sides;
- ball valves and sump with filter elements are located on the rear;
- a platform made of specialized steel, and supplemented with a deck, is equipped with a folding fence and stairs;
- the tank is made of steel and has an elliptical shape, its volume is an average of 40 m3;
- fuel volume is measured by level gauges installed in the neck;
- two airtight hatches are located on the underside;
- the neck of the tank is fixed with hinged bolts and is supplemented by a breathing valve designed to reduce the amount of evaporated fuel.
Features
The fuel truck is designed for a set pressure value, which is governed by transportation safety rules. In addition, regardless of the type of fuel, there should be the possibility of sampling to determine the quality and compliance of substances with standards. A tanker for the transportation of petroleum products, the volume of which, as a rule, is within 40 cubic meters, has a tank made of steel and placed on the chassis. The pressure inside is automatically pumped to discharge through special devices.
Transportation rules
There are basic requirements regarding the transportation of petroleum products and drivers driving a vehicle. Among them are the following:
- a tanker for the transportation of petroleum products is painted in certain colors;
- the presence of labels and signs warning of the danger;
- enhanced fire safety measures;
- installation of signaling devices (orange flashing lights);
- the availability of personal protective equipment;
- the driver must undergo appropriate training and have access to the transport of dangerous goods.
A tanker for the transportation of petroleum products, the photo of which is presented above, can be equipped with a dispensing sleeve, liquid meters, pumps with different capacity, electronic sealing, a vapor-air mixture return system and devices for lower loading.