Perhaps there is not a single person who would not hear the saying that a drop of water sharpens a stone. This folk wisdom can be applied to the issue of the need for waterproofing the floor. If later you plan to fill the screed, then such work is simply necessary to carry out.
They will protect the structure from moisture, which is important not only for residents of high-rise buildings, but also for owners of their own houses, since the service life of floor coverings will depend on the proper use of materials. You can carry out these works using one of the materials described in the article or even apply a whole range of solutions. This method is suitable for bathrooms, while for other rooms you can use only one layer of roll material.
A device for waterproofing floors is required to eliminate the prospects of flooding neighbors. When there is a rupture of pipes or the flow of water through the bath, then moisture without a waterproofing layer goes into the ceiling and appears on the ceiling of the neighbors. If you follow the rules of waterproofing, then the floor can be protected from moisture. Even if leaks do not occur, such manipulations will eliminate the spread of mold and fungus, because microorganisms are unsafe for human health and can negate the entire repair.
The device for waterproofing floors can be carried out using synthetic and natural bitumen. A variety of compositions based on this material, chemically active constituents and polymer resins are offered for sale. If we consider the types of waterproofing materials, then we can distinguish:
- spreading;
- rolled;
- mastic;
- powder;
- film.
The device for waterproofing the floor with adhesive materials
Nakleechnaya waterproofing is a multilayer coating of:
- glass fiber;
- roofing material;
- glass roberoid;
- hydroisol;
- hydrobutyl.
Waterproofing by this technology is quite laborious, because the surface will need to be well treated, leveled, rid the base of irregularities that exceed 2 mm, and then coated with an emulsion based on bitumen and glued waterproofing. It is important to adhere to the technology in order to avoid mechanical damage to the coating.
Using capillary waterproofing
The device for waterproofing floors can be carried out by the capillary method, which involves the use of penetrating materials. In this case, the insulation consists of Portland cement, silica sand or silicate fillers with different chemically active elements. Application of the composition is carried out on a damp surface, and after the active components begin to react with the cement base. As a result, a crystalline complex forms that fills cracks on the surface.
Strength increases with time by 20%. As a rather important feature, reagent production during cracking can be noted, this allows for self-healing. Crystalline-type neoplasms trap moisture without obstructing the movement of air.
The use of film materials
The device for waterproofing floors is often carried out using film materials, which can have a thickness in the range from 0.2 to 2.0 mm. Such materials are made of:
- synthetic rubber;
- cellulose acetate;
- polypropylene.
Different substances are added to the ingredients, which can extend the life of the materials, making them strong, flexible and durable. The additional layer is reinforced with synthetic fibers or fiberglass, which allows for higher strength.
If in the apartment the floor waterproofing will be carried out using such technology, then a film of the appropriate size is covered over the entire perimeter of the room. The waterproofing layer should be continuous, it should be put on the walls. This allows you to form a kind of bowl, which will prevent the penetration of moisture.
Waterproofing with mastic
Mastic is an adhesive composition that connects different materials and covers surfaces, protecting them from damage. Previously, the method that involved applying bitumen mastic to the slab in two layers was most often used. An alternative solution was waterproofing using roofing material, which had the form of construction paper impregnated with bitumen. The joints were glued with molten bitumen.
Such a waterproofing layer eliminates the penetration of water, but has drawbacks expressed in the formation of cracks during operation. As a result, the coating lost its tightness, and waterproofing became less effective. If the plate is coated with the appropriate compounds, then you will get a layer that is characterized by low resistance to hydrostatic pressure and mechanical damage. This should include multicomponent sealants and mastic.
Coating technology
The device of coating waterproofing the floor is the most unpretentious and simple way. It is not necessary to level the floor, but experts still recommend doing this, because mastic is not cheap material. Sprayers and burners will not be required, as well as skills, as well as special equipment. The floor is pre-cleaned with a vacuum cleaner, covered with a primer, and the corners and joints should be glued with sealing tape.
After you can start mixing the mastic, it should find the consistency of thick sour cream. The powder should be added to water, and not vice versa. The solution is mixed again, only after you can start applying it. If you are thinking about how to make a floor waterproofing, then at the next stage, using a construction brush, coating waterproofing is applied to the floor surface. On the walls you need to make a layer 35 cm high. The material must be well rubbed into the surface, without much smearing.
As soon as the first layer begins to set, it should be moistened, and then you can begin applying the second layer. Movements should be perpendicular. The number of layers can be equal to 5, but you should not succumb to fanaticism, it will be enough 2 or 3 layers. It all depends on the evenness of the floor.
The use of polymeric materials
Coating waterproofing of the floor may include the use of polymeric materials that are highly elastic and reliable. Their application is carried out in a thin layer, which varies from 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
The layers dry very quickly, and as their additional advantage is the absence of the need for preparatory work. For the reason that the material is flexible, it can be used together with a warm floor. After about 16 hours, ceramic tiles can be laid on the polymer mastic coating, but high-quality tile glue should be used for this.
Features of the preparation of the mixture
Polymer bitumen mastics are ready to use. As for dry cement-based formulations, they should be combined with clean water. Optimum fluid temperature ranges from 15 to 20 ° C. The mixture obtained after mixing should be homogeneous, without lumps and clots.
It takes about 5 minutes to mature the solution, it is recommended to mix it again before use. The vital activity of the composition is limited to 1.5 hours, so the mastic should be cooked in small quantities, and it must be used without delay.
Methods of waterproofing the floor in the bathroom
The device for waterproofing the floor in the bathroom can be implemented in several ways, one of them is glued. It provides for the need for roll materials. The most common are:
- bituminous glass steel;
- only;
- roofing material.
These materials are laid with a burner or a self-adhesive layer. The technology is quite simple, it does not require special skills. For such work, the surface must be well leveled, and the finish can be carried out immediately after the installation of waterproofing.
Waterproofing the floor under the tiles in the bathroom can be carried out by technology, which is one of the most effective and reliable. The process involves filling the surface with a continuous layer of a waterproof solution. Concrete floors in urban apartments are great for this. Cast waterproofing can be cold or hot. The most affordable way is painting waterproofing. In this case, bitumen varnish in several layers is applied to the floor surface. This option is one of the economical ones. However, it can not be called the most durable and durable.
Quite often, home craftsmen use backfill waterproofing. The floor is filled with waterproof bulk material. Waterproofing the floor under the tiles in the bathroom can be done by applying a plaster composition. The coating is multilayered, and at the final stage the surface is poured with several layers of a solution with polymer additives. The method is quite simple and accessible, therefore it is widespread.
Roll waterproofing technology
Roll waterproofing for the floor is one of the most common. Before starting work, the surface is leveled, and the construction level and rule should be used to control the result. The floor is considered even if the distance from the rail to the base does not exceed 5 mm. If irregularities are found, they must be eliminated, and the seams between the wall and the floor rounded to 45 °. To do this, use a sand-cement mortar, which is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3.
Using a metal brush or compressed air, the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, and after that the base can be covered with bituminous hot or cold mastic. The technology of the device for waterproofing the floor at the next stage requires the cutting of material along the length and width of the room. In those places where the canvas will be connected, use bitumen mastic, which smears the lower edge of the canvas.
The application of the composition must also be carried out on the basis. Cloths when laying should form an overlap of 1 cm or more. If you notice that the material was swollen during installation, the bubbles must be cut and let out air, having glued the place with mastic. Using a spatula, the surface is well smoothed to expel all the air.
Basement floor waterproofing
The basement waterproofing device is necessary for the reason that the operating conditions of this room are characterized by a high level of humidity. If such manipulations are neglected, then the base material can be destroyed quite quickly. Floor protection in this case should be carried out depending on how close the groundwater is. This recommendation should be taken into account, because the waterproofing of the floor should be associated with the protection of the ceiling and walls.
If the water threshold is low enough, then an okleechny waterproofing should be used, using roofing material. The easiest way is to coat the floor surface with mastic in several layers. This technology is also suitable for a basement. The drier the space should be, the thicker the insulation layer should be made. Ruberoid can be rolled out on a clean surface, which is previously primed and coated with mastic.
From above again to put a layer of mastic and roll roofing material. These manipulations can be repeated three times. Experts recommend the use of waterproofing in the basement. To do this, a small pit is prepared in the floor, at the bottom of which a sand cushion is arranged. The entire surface is poured with concrete from above. The insulation must have a thickness of 50 cm or more, this value includes the thickness of the sand cushion.
Material Guidelines
Quite often, novice home masters wonder about whether waterproofing the floor in a house or apartment is needed. It should definitely be stated that it is necessary, which is especially true for rooms with high humidity and the possibility of leaks. The next logical question that arises is what materials to choose. Liquid glass, which is an impregnating waterproofing, acts as a relatively new solution. You can buy it in almost all construction stores.
The composition has a light yellow or light gray color, is well absorbed into the surface and crystallizes inside. Application of the mixture should be carried out in several layers, allowing each of them to dry. The waterproofing of the floor in the apartment can be carried out using the Technonikol roll material. It is rolled onto a prepared surface and glued with polymer mastic. This solution proved to be excellent when waterproofing basements. If we compare this material with polyethylene, then the first is more expensive, but easier to install and is more durable.
Canvases should be wound on the walls, and after filling the screed and drying it, the part of the material that remains visible should be trimmed. If you want all the work to be carried out according to the rules, it is important to ensure that the specialists use ENiR. The device for waterproofing the floor in this case will include the need to comply with the norms prescribed in state standards, sanitary norms and rules. As for the rates, they will be calculated at the tariff rates that are set for workers in this area. Tariff rates will not be increased, which, for example, may be associated with harmful working conditions.
Conclusion
Any structure has moisture, while the floors act as an accumulator of this moisture. Water accumulates in the lower part of the premises and contributes to the deterioration of the operational characteristics of materials. As a result, an unfavorable atmosphere is created for people to live. Therefore, a fairly important stage in the arrangement of housing is the waterproofing of the floor.