Social categories of the population: definition, description and rights

We know that there is social help. There are many categories of the population that can apply for it, but for the majority they are unknown or only superficially. But in vain. After all, it is quite possible that one of us can count on the state.

Social Assistance Objects

So who can count on state support? The legislation provides for such social categories of citizens:

1. Lonely elderly people.
2. Disabled people.
3. Citizens that suffered as a result of the Chernobyl accident.
4. Unemployed.
5. Children who have deviating behavior.
6. Internally displaced persons and refugees.
7. Orphans.
8. Low-income or large families.
9. Single mothers.
10. Persons without a specific place of residence.
11. Citizens with AIDS or HIV.

What can they claim? Social support for certain categories of citizens provides for the implementation of a system of long-term or permanent measures guaranteed by the state, which provides conditions for overcoming a difficult life situation. They are aimed at making people feel on a par with other citizens of our society. By measures is meant the provision of social assistance and support.

Legislative background

According to the seventh article of the constitution, the Russian Federation is a social state. Therefore, politics should be formed with the maximum regard for the interests of the people. The state is also legally charged with the obligation to create such conditions under which the health and labor of people will be protected. In addition, he is responsible for establishing a minimum wage, supporting families, fatherhood, motherhood and childhood. The state also has care for the disabled and senior citizens. Their questions and problems are dealt with by social services. They establish the state pension, the amount of benefits and other guarantees of social protection. And they have a responsibility to ensure that everyone who needs to receive support. We examined social categories. If you belong to one of them - do not hesitate and get the benefits due.

The basis

The minimum social standards are the starting point for assigning payments. These are guarantees established by the laws of the Russian Federation, which are expressed thanks to the norms and standards. They reflect the most important needs of people for material wealth, free and public services, and also guarantee the necessary level of consumption for citizens. All this is expressed in the system of social protection. She uses distributional relationships in order to serve people who have partially or completely lost their ability to work for their own benefit. Such assistance may come in the form of material resources or services. Their spectrum depends on what social categories apply for them.

So, for large families provide benefits regarding payment of utility bills. Whereas for seniors free travel in public transport is provided. As you can see, different social categories of citizens receive various assistance.

Creating programs

One can say about social support of certain categories that it is always planned in advance. But for this it is necessary to resolve the issue of priority. In other words, it is necessary to determine the tasks, the solution of which is the most important and urgent. And the solution programs help in this. Thus, it is possible to maintain and develop existing social relations, while solving the most important problems. A feature of this process is that the interests of different categories of the population are skillfully combined. In addition, attention is paid to public associations and groups.

How did it all come about?

We already know about the socio-economic categories of citizens, now let's get acquainted with the history of the development of this mechanism. In modern form, such protection first appeared in the 30s in the United States. Then a number of measures were developed aimed at minimizing the consequences of unemployment, loss or a significant reduction in income due to an illness, occupational disease or work -related injury, as well as in old age. In a slightly modified version, that system is still used as the basis of the social policy of any state. Such a system is based on legal guarantees and protective measures that protect a member of the society from physical, social and economic degradation.

Social Protection Models

It should be noted that a fairly significant number of different approaches have been proposed. For reference, some of the most popular models and their brief characteristics will be given. Information will be submitted according to the classification of Antropov V.V .:

1. Continental model. It provides for the establishment of a rigid connection between the duration of professional activity and the level of social protection. The continental model is based on social insurance, which is usually funded by the employer. The basis of its activities is the principle of professional solidarity.
2. Anglo-Saxon model. It is based on the redistribution of income for the benefit of social groups, which receive a lower level of income than the rest. This model is based on the principles of universality and unification. In other words, people can claim the same pensions, benefits and medical care. In this case, it is not professional, but national solidarity that is implied.
3. Scandinavian model. Social protection in this case is perceived as a legal right of a citizen. Moreover, there is support in case of a wide range of risks and life situations, which requires the support of society. All residents of the country can apply for social services and payments, and for this you do not need to be busy at work or pay insurance premiums.
4. South European model. Its feature is the lack of a clear organization and the presence of transitional features.

Conclusion

Social categories vary in different countries and models. Each state uses its own approach to solving social problems, based on its experience, experience and the economic situation. Therefore, when a situation arises when it is necessary to reform the social sphere (as it has matured in our country), one should not only blindly follow foreign experience, but also make corrections to existing realities.

If you do without such a stage of preparation, then in the end it will be possible to say that the innovations have failed. And this is not surprising - as in different countries there is a different standard of living, it is impossible to use other people's decisions, without thinking it over, to apply in our realities.