Devices such as dust collectors (cyclones) are used in solid fuel boilers, vacuum cleaners, automobiles, etc. They are designed to purify air from particles of solid, non-sticking ash or dust with a diameter of more than five microns, as well as dusty gases. A modern cyclone can have a different capacity, which varies from 6500 to 43000 cubic meters of air per hour, and the cleaning coefficient reaches 80%. These indicators indicate the high-quality operation of such an installation.
Gravity Dust Collectors
Cyclones of this type are the simplest devices. The principle of operation is as follows: polluted air enters the chamber, expands there, its speed decreases. This leads to the fact that solid particles settle under the influence of their own weight.
Inertial dust collectors
Devices of this type are divided into wet and dry. They differ in the principle of work. For example, consider dry dust collectors. Rotational cyclones in appearance resemble a fan. However, there is a difference between these two devices: the dust collector not only moves the air, but also cleans it of dust. This process occurs under the influence of centrifugal force on the impeller.
Wet dust collectors, for example, washing cyclones, work according to a different principle, in comparison with dry type devices. First of all, they are equipped with a special water tank, which provides a constant pressure of water, so that it passes into the inlet pipe and falls on the bottom of the distributor. Contaminated air, penetrating into the cyclone, begins to interact with water. As a result, due to inertial forces, dust settles on the surface of the walls.
Battery Cyclones: Design Features
This type of device has a certain design, which includes from 16 to 56 cyclone elements with a diameter of 245 mm. They, in turn, consist of hollow cylindrical bodies, the lower part of which is made in the form of a cone with inlet pipes placed on it, equipped with so-called semi-snails. These elements also contain vertically located exhaust pipes.
Each battery cyclone consists of three chambers:
- Vertical - for purified gases.
- Medium - for dusty gases.
- Lower - made in the form of a dust bin.
Key Features of Battery Cyclones
One of the most important features of battery cyclones is the complete absence of switchable sections, which ensures the inseparable flow passage. It is thanks to this that these dust collectors can work in full. This type of cyclone does not need to be adjusted for performance. Their effectiveness can be significantly reduced only if used for a group of boilers. Therefore, it is recommended to install such a device on only one boiler room. As a rule, cyclones are mounted next to the rear of the unit in front of the exhaust fan itself.
Principle of work: a brief description
In order to make a cyclone dust collector with your own hands, you need to know well the principle of its operation. It is this knowledge that will help to effectively use this device in various industries.
So, we will consider what the principle of the dust collector is. The polluted gas medium at a speed of about 20-25 meters per second is first supplied to the middle chamber. There it is divided into equal flows and sent to cyclone elements. After this, a rapid spiral-rotational movement begins. Due to inertial forces , dust and ash particles gradually settle on the walls of the treatment plant and are picked up by another air flow, eventually falling into the lower chamber. The purified gaseous medium is directed upward and discharged into the surrounding atmosphere through the inner cyclone tube.
Dust collectors (battery cyclones) are commonly used in:
- industrial ventilation systems;
- heating and industrial boiler rooms ;
- drying units of briquette and concentration plants , etc.