The purpose of the throttle valve has been unchanged since the appearance of the car. First of all, she is responsible for the formation of a fuel-air mixture. However, its device over the past few decades has changed dramatically. This is not just a movable baffle in the carburetor, restricting the supply of gasoline, but rather a complex device that works in constant interconnection with the electronic control unit. It is carried out using a throttle sensor (TPS). This unit is available on all vehicles with injection engines, including the "top ten". The device, characteristics and main symptoms of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle sensor are discussed below.
The device and principle of operation of the throttle assembly
The device is designed to regulate the air supply to the engine and ensures its idling. The node is a structurally complete element. It is located between the air filter and the intake manifold, and consists of the following components:
- Aluminum housing with nozzle.
- The adsorber fitting.
- The throttle position sensor VAZ 2110 (DPDZ).
- Crankcase ventilation fitting
- Idle control.
- Throttle control sector, with cable attachment mechanism.
- Inlet and outlet fittings for heating the remote control.
- Throttle
The principle of operation of the remote control in brief is as follows. Air, passing through the filter and the air intake manifold, enters the nozzle of the throttle assembly, and then through the open damper into the engine cylinders. More precisely, in one of them, the one where the intake stroke occurs. The throttle cable is connected to the gas pedal, so the driver controls the air supply. However, only from this the car will not go faster. The working mixture is not only air, but also gasoline, which is forced into the cylinders. In order for the ECU to supply more fuel to the injectors, it is necessary to press the gas pedal, convert it to an electrical signal. For this, a throttle sensor is installed in the VAZ-2110 injector. We will talk about it in more detail a little later, but for now we will consider the operation of the node as a whole.
The gas pedal is released, the shutter is closed and the engine, it would seem, should stall. However, it continues to work, unless, of course, the ignition is turned on. This is due to the idle speed sensor. Through it, the minimum amount of air necessary for stable engine operation is supplied. Connection with an adsorber allows the "top ten" to comply with the Euro-3 standard. Fittings for heating the throttle assembly, connect it to the engine cooling system. The circulation of antifreeze allows you to avoid frost in frosty weather on the surface of the body.
The device and principle of operation of the throttle sensor
The controller, without exaggeration, can be called a key element of the node. Thanks to him, the optimal composition of the working mixture is selected at the moment. Many engine parameters directly depend on the correct operation of the TPS. The first signs of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle sensor will be significant deterioration in the characteristics of the power units in all operating modes. This will ultimately affect its resource.
Design
Despite its importance, the sensor is arranged quite simply. It is an ordinary potentiometer, in other words - variable resistance. Like any other element of this type, the sensor has three contacts. Two fixed ones are connected to the plus of the control unit and the “mass” of the on-board network, and the signal for the computer is removed from the “slider”.
There are dozens of “native” sensors, that is, those that are installed at the factory, are contact sensors. They have a special resistive layer along which the same third contact of the potentiometer moves. Despite the fact that this spraying is very resistant, it often becomes one of the causes of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle position sensor.
Principle of operation
The moving contact of the sensor is located on the same axis as the throttle. The control sector is connected by a cable and rods to the gas pedal of the car. Thus, each pressing of the accelerator leads not only to the rotation of the flap by a certain angle, but also to the movement of the movable contact on the resistive coating. As a result, the resistance of the potentiometer changes and, as a result, the voltage at the corresponding terminal of the control unit. The computer increases the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinders. And this will happen simultaneously with the opening of the throttle. Both events are synchronized in time, and the currently optimal mixture enters the cylinders. Therefore, any malfunction of the throttle sensor VAZ-2110 leads to depletion or enrichment of the composition, which makes the trip, to put it mildly, uncomfortable.
Possible malfunctions
The contact type sensor is quite reliable, and according to the designers' plans, it should last at least 50,000 km. This is ideal under average operating conditions. In practice, it often fails, not having passed even half of the mortgaged resource. Like any mechanics, the controller is very demanding on the various gaps, frequency and speed of the slider. The situation is complicated by the difficulty of diagnosis. The main symptoms of a malfunction of the throttle sensor VAZ-2110 are very similar to the damage to many other components of the car. However, symptoms of damage to the TPS can be as follows:
- deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of the engine;
- jerks at an intensive set of speed;
- engine stop when shifting gears;
- "Failures" when you sharply press the gas pedal.
As already noted, the weak point of the TPS is the mechanical movable contact. The resistor slider, moving along the resistive layer, damages it. Thin spraying is simply wiped, the contact worsens, making the further operation of the car problematic. In addition, the movable contact itself may break. In this case, the engine almost does not respond to the gas pedal.
In any case, the TPS cannot be repaired, and there is no point in restoring it. The price of the sensor does not exceed 300 rubles. True, first of all, you need to make sure that it is he who is faulty.
Sensor check
The controller is an electronic element, and it is possible to verify its operability only with special devices. Therefore, before checking the throttle sensor of the VAZ 2110, it is necessary to obtain at least minimal skills in using the multimeter. This is not so difficult, especially since you only need to know two modes: measuring resistance and voltage.
So, to check the voltage drop
- With the probes of the multimeter, without removing the pads, measure the voltage between the "mass" and the movable contact of the potentiometer, with the throttle closed.
- The readings of the device should not differ greatly from 0.7 V.
- Now you need to press the pedal all the way.
- Voltage must be higher than 4V.
- Turn off the ignition.
If even in one case, the readings of the multimeter do not correspond to the norm, this is a sure sign of a malfunction of the throttle sensor VAZ 2110.
The voltage may be within the rated values. This means that the resistive element is intact, but there may be no contact between the coating and the movable contact. This is determined by measuring the resistance. It is necessary to remove the wire block from the sensor, and become the multimeter probes on the central and any of the extreme contacts. Gently press the accelerator pedal. The readings of the device should be changed without jerking and disappearing. For better information content, use a pointer device.
How to get rid of moving parts
If it turned out that the TPS is faulty, then it is advisable not to skimp and put a proximity sensor when replacing it. Its main element is the Hall sensor, which is very reliable, while moving parts are completely absent. It accurately records all changes in the magnetic field when the throttle angle changes and transfers it to its own electronic circuit. When replacing the sensor does not need to make any design changes. Simply dismantle the old one and install a new TPS.
Sensor Replacement Procedure
To do the job, you only need a medium-sized curly screwdriver. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Disconnect the wiring block from the sensor.
- Remove the two fixing screws.
- Remove the sensor.
- Replace foam pad.
- Put a new sensor.
- Connect the electrical block.
Thus, the independent replacement of the DPS is not a problem, although there is one “but”. The sensor is tested on-board computer of the car. In the event of a malfunction, the "Chek engine" is turned on. So, even after installing a new DPS, the alarm will not go out. It takes 15 minutes to throw off the battery terminal or clear the error in another accessible way.