Currently, the appearance of megacities and small cities is constantly changing. The reason lies in the new trends of construction and architecture. Now the construction of original designed and beautiful buildings is not a problem. This was made possible through the use of new architectural forms and technologies of mounted ventilated structures.
Modern realities
In Russia, ventilated facades, the installation technology of which will be described below, appeared not so long ago. However, they immediately gained great popularity among builders, designers and architects. Next, we will examine the main reasons for their wide distribution.
The main advantages
Installation of ventilated facades can be carried out on buildings of any purpose. Surface materials also do not play a role. Thus, one can understand why the technology for mounting a ventilated facade is currently in demand and very popular. As for the installation process, it does not take much time. In this case, puttying, leveling and surface preparation are not required. It is only necessary to deal with large cracks, as well as get rid of mold and fungus.
This type of facade is characterized by a variety of shades and materials. Creating a stylish design is quick and easy. In this case, all technical functions will be saved. Also, such a facade is protected from atmospheric and other destructive effects of the external environment. Repair and dismantling are carried out without any difficulties. In addition, such facades are distinguished by increased thermal insulation properties. This significantly saves energy. Ventilated facades are very durable. Their service life is more than 25 years.
Device features
Ventilated facades are structures of varying degrees of complexity and different types. They consist of external cladding and the materials that are under it. The latter are attached to the wall of the structure so that an air gap remains between the plane and the protective-decorative external coating. In some cases, additional insulation of the building is required. Then, between the cladding and the wall, a thermal insulation layer is installed. But there should remain an air gap.
Design features
Installation of ventilated facades implies the presence of screws, dowels and special parts: rivets and kleimers. Connecting elements are also required: brackets and frame profile. Ventilated facades are combined with any heat-insulating materials. In this case, experts recommend giving preference to polyurethane foam or mineral wool boards. It also implies the installation of a special protective membrane. It will not allow wind and water to affect the vulnerable surface. This design is not afraid of low temperatures and seasonal increased humidity. It does not absorb precipitation. Installation of a ventilated layer is necessary. Thanks to him, the design "breathes". The cladding does not heat up on hot days and protects living quarters from heat loss. Materials with which the installation of ventilated facades is carried out:
- Composite panels.
- Fiber cement sheets.
- Steel products.
- Plastic panels.
Ventilated porcelain stoneware facades are also used . Installation of these elements should be carried out using special tools.
Highlights of preparation
Installation of ventilated facades, as well as any construction work, is impossible without special tools. Therefore, it is worth starting with the preparation of equipment. To work, you will need the following:
- Scissors for metal.
- Stationery knife.
- Level.
- Roulette.
- Screwdrivers.
- Screwdriver. In this case, a single screwdriver is indispensable, since mounting the fasteners will be very problematic.
- Hammer drill.
- Drill.
Better if both last tools are available. Having all the necessary devices at hand, you can significantly accelerate the installation of ventilated facades. The instructions below provide basic information about the process.
Features of the preparation for the process
Before installing ventilated facades, it is necessary to remove unnecessary structures. We are talking about fixtures, decorative elements, lighting and much more. In short, everything that can complicate the installation of ventilated facades is subject to removal. Further, all large cracks are closed. This is necessary to prevent excessive cooling of the premises. Of course, the insulation will cope with this task, but condensation may begin to accumulate. This will lead to the gradual destruction of building materials. Then you need to start removing mold and mildew. Otherwise, they will begin to develop even faster, as a favorable environment will be created for them. After that, you can proceed to the next step.
Work with the surface
The lower horizontal profile, which is the beginning of the frame, is noted first. Then you need to determine where the brackets will be attached. In this case, it is necessary to observe a horizontal level. You should also adjust the plane vertically.
Ventilated facades: installation technology
The lower horizontal guide is fixed in pre-drilled holes. It should be flat. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance of the structure. The following is the mounting of brackets for the vertical profile. Horizontal, which is a separation, must be laid together with the tiles and aligned. Thanks to the step-by-step process, all inconsistencies with the markup are easily hidden. Anchors are selected according to the weight of the panels.
Insulation Installation
You can start it after the frame is completely ready, and the brackets are installed correctly. In this case, there are two installation methods.
- To glue. When choosing this option, you will not need to drill many holes in the wall, as well as drive in the dowels. It will take only a few brush strokes, and the insulation will be on the wall. The adhesive should be properly mixed. In addition, it should be applied for a certain time, otherwise it will harden and will be unusable.
- On dish-shaped nails. This process is quite lengthy. However, in this case there will be no waste. The number of fasteners for the installation of insulation is easily calculated.
Work with plates
In this case, you can use two installation options.
- Visible. Kleimer is involved in the fastening. Its shade is selected in accordance with the color of the material used. It can also be painted with the surface. This method has gained widespread popularity. It is as cheap as possible. Today, ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware are quite popular. Installation of such panels, as a rule, is carried out on kleimers.
- Hidden. In this case, self-expanding collets are used. Along with the facade plates, other structures are also being installed, among them the following:
- Lighting.
- Sewage pipes.
- Mounts for slopes, etc.
Key recommendations
Ventilated facade technology is not suitable for some surfaces. In particular, this applies to hollow bricks and foam concrete blocks. The reason lies in the high probability of deformation of the frame element. In addition, there is a weak attachment. Because of this, thermal insulation and aesthetic qualities are lost.
Immediately before the dowel is running, it is tested for strength. Attention should be paid to the errors in the installation of the brackets. If it exceeds half a centimeter, this is a marriage. In this case, the use of precision measuring instruments will help. After all work is completed, it is required to check the reliability of the structure. To do this, it is recommended to gently sway it. Serious problems will be indicated by an obvious rattle and crackle.