What is a Hanbalite madhhab? Who is its founder? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. Muslim schools are called religious schools. Islamic creed has existed for many centuries. During this time, an impressive number of schools were formed, some of which were only political and theological, while others were theological. What is a Hanbalite madhhab, we will find out below.
Value
Many people wonder what the Hanbalith madhhab is. The development of scientific thought in Islam influenced the emergence of famous scholar-theologians. On the basis of the works of such masters, powerful schools of applied application of the Sacred Quran and Sunna appeared. Everything related to Sharia in these schools, forms of relationships, daily worship, resolution of legal issues and other things, goes according to the Ijtihad of the creator of this educational institution.
The word "madhhab" means "go," "go." Therefore, in religion, any direction based on one's opinion was called a madhhab. The phrase “head for the madhhab of this person” means to accept his opinion in religious matters and to follow his path.
The creators of the direction took the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur'an as a basis. There were some differences between the madhhabs precisely because of the hadiths. The fact is that certain hadiths could not reach the founders, which caused a decision that was different from other directions. Despite this, there was no disagreement between the schools.
Muslims in Islam
You do not know what is a Hanbalite madhhab? In general, today only 4 madhhabs were saved from the Muslim Sunnis: Malikite, Hanbalit, Shafiite and Hanafi. The Zakhiri madhhab has now almost disappeared. Jafarite madhhab is widespread among Shiites.
Founder
The founder of the Hanbalith madhhab is Imam Abu Abd lah Ahmad bin Hanbal. It is known that he was born in Baghdad and died in the same city (165/780 - 241/855). In his school there were several areas that were based on different opinions of the Sahaba and Tabiins, doubts and discrepancies in the fatwas of Ibn Khanbal. They consisted in the mismatch of the transfer of its findings.
The madhhab considered by us had a theoretical fundamental foundation and never recognized the closure of the "gates of Ijtihad." Muskhab did not receive much popularization. Today it is the main school in Saudi Arabia.
The origins of the madhhab
What is the history of the Hanbalith madhhab? The “madhhabulhanabil”, as the Arabs call it, originates from the creator of this madhhab, the great fakih and muhaddis, Imam Ahmad ibn Muhammad. He was born in the city of Baghdad (as we talked about above) in the month of ribiul aval of 165 hijra.
Ahmad devoted his whole life to the acquisition of skills. From childhood, he began to memorize the Qur'an, comprehended the secrets of the Arabic language. When he was 15 years old, he took up the science of hadith. At 20, Ahmad began to travel and gain knowledge throughout the Islamic state. He visited Mecca, Yemen, Kufa, Medina, Basra, Shama and other centers of Islamic science of those times. His mentors were such famous priests as Al-Shafi'i, Sufyan ibn Wayne, Waki, ibn Mahdi and others. Likewise, such masters as Al-Bukhari, Yahya ibn Adam, Abu Daud and many others took knowledge from him and transmitted it.
He did not stop studying until he became a mujtahid, imam of muhaddis, imam of a madhhab and masters of his period. Imam Al-Shafi'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) described him as follows: “Leaving Baghdad, I did not leave there more knowledgeable in fiqh, more ascetic, more God-fearing and experienced than Ahmad ibn Hanbal.”
In the era of Ahmad, the Caliph Al-Ma'mun fell under the influence of a lost sect. He began to popularize the doctrine of the creation of the Koran. But he soon rested, so he could not meet with Imam Ahmad.
When al-Mutasim took the post of caliph, priest Ahmad underwent severe trials. He was imprisoned for 18 months because he rejected the opinion of the creation of the Koran. He was also slaughtered many times before losing his memory, but he still defended his views, since he knew that Muslims would follow his opinion. If he says something objecting to the Sunnah and the Qur'an, then thousands and thousands of people will be misled.
He was released from prison in 220. In the era of Caliph Al-Vasykabi-Llyah Ahmad, evil did not comprehend him. And when Al-Mutawakkil took the post of caliph, he always consulted with Imam Ahmad and revered him.
Imam Ahmad died on Friday, the 12th day of the month of Rabbi Ul Aval 241 AD. Where is the founder of the Hanbalith madhhab buried? His grave is in Baghdad (Iraq, Abbasid Caliphate). May Allah reward him with good from Islam and all Muslims! Amen!
Features
Among the reasons for the small - compared with other madhhabs - the number of followers include the following:
- Khanbalitsky madhhab - fiqh collected after molding of three famous madhhabs.
- Among the Hanbalis there were almost no Sharia judges who would popularize their madhhab. Also, the Hanbalith fiqh did not have a ruler who would popularize him.
- Hanbalites have always been known for their staunch and implacable stance on adherents of innovations.
- Scholars who have fully studied fiqh often showed meekness and did not praise their madhhab. After all, their goal was not to follow the madhhab, but the truth.
At the stage of formation and development, the Hanbalite madhhab was popular in Iraq, Sham and Egypt, but over time it almost disappeared.
Namaz
So, you already know what a Hanbalith madhhab is. Namaz in this canonical school has some features. For example, scientists believe that Hanbalites place their hands like this:
- Below the chest and above the navel.
- Below the belly button.
It should be noted that among the Ulam of the Khalbali khalbali there are different opinions regarding the arrangement of hands during prayer, which was touched upon by ibn Kudam in his al-Kafi fi Fikh al-Imam Amad.
Scientists who spread the madhhab
What are the famous scholars of the madbalah of Hanbalite? Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Hazm and other masters played a huge role in the formation of this school. Imam Ahmad on hadith wrote many works. This, for example, the famous book "Musnad." Unfortunately, the imam did not compose works on fiqh, just as he did not allow his students in this science to write books.
This was due to the fact that the imam paid a lot of attention to the science of hadith, as indicated by his creation “Musnad”. He wanted his disciples to worship more asaras and hadiths more than fiqh.
The followers of Imam Ahmad began to write books on fiqh and promote his own madhhab after his death. His sons Salih and Abdullah, Ahmad ibn Khan, Ibrahim ibn Ishaq, Harb ibn Ismail al-Karamaniy were especially distinguished in this. Umar ibn al-Husayn, Abdul-Aziz, Abu Bakr Ahmad became the most significant popularizers of the Hanbalite fiqh.
One of the first who created a book about the Hanbalite fiqh, later named “Mahtasarul Khirakiy”, was Abu al-Kasim Umar. He worked hard, completing all the ideas presented by Imam Ahmad. He identified the most faithful of them and compiled a book on fiqh. After that, many masters continued his work.
It should be noted that it is impossible to list all the books of the Hanbalites, since a huge number of them have been written.