It is difficult to call a car the first necessity in human life, but this is the most common vehicle. And what can't people live without? Without heart. This body of the machine can be called a power unit.
What it is? A car engine is a device that can convert one type of energy to another. It is due to this that any vehicle is moving.
Typically, an internal combustion engine running on pistons is installed on the machines. It is divided into two types: carburetor and injection. Engine specifications directly depend on this factor. All units (depending on type) operate on different types of fuel. Such can be called gasoline, compressed natural gas or liquefied petroleum, diesel fuel, better known as diesel fuel.
ZMZ-406
Who can argue that a large number of shipments are carried out on GAZ vehicles? Most often the 406 engine is installed on the Gazelles . The carburetor power unit is available in two versions. Injection - in only one. What are the advantages of this engine? It consumes little fuel at its high power. And also the unit will last quite a long time, but only if proper care is performed for it. Among the minuses, it is especially acute that the engine is susceptible to the quality of engine oil. If it really works on a particular type, it is best not to experiment much. There is a problem with the fan inhibited, which leads to overheating. The system that needs to regulate the temperature is a little unstable. And since overheating can lead to an explosion, you should carefully monitor this. This engine model has been produced since 1996 and is still known as a durable and reliable unit.
Characteristic
It is worth noting that this unit bypasses, according to some criteria, the previous engine of the 402 series. The 406 power plant operates on 4 pistons. Its capacity is 110 “horses”. It is difficult to say exactly about the overheating of this engine, because some drivers claim a constant rise in temperature, while others say that the cooling system is superfluous - the unit does not heat up.
If you want to transfer your 406 engine (carbureted or injector) to gas equipment, then you need to note that it perfectly "gets along" with propane and methane.
It is difficult to illuminate the moment with fuel consumption - it directly depends on driving conditions and the time of year. According to the manufacturer's statement, consumption is an average of 13.5 liters per 100 km. Engine displacement - 2.28 liters.
In the external environment, it should be noted the compact arrangement of all elements. A feature will be the location of the spark plug - in the center. The maximum power of rotation of the crankshaft is 5200 rpm.
The history of the creation of ZMZ-406
This engine model was developed on the basis of the Saab 900 sports unit. The end of the creation of the project on paper - 1990. And after three years, the first prototypes of this engine appeared. The production of the small series was launched in 1996, but it began to go off the main conveyor already in 1997. The end of production - 2003.
First, the 406 engine (carbureted) was installed on small boats that were used by government agencies. A little later, employees of the Gorky Plant became interested in him, and over time it was acquired by Volga and Gazelle. After some time, he began to enter the basic set of "Sable." Manufacturers of ZMZ and GAZ allowed installing non-native engines on many models of automobiles of their own accord, therefore, the 406 unit can also be seen on some Volga vehicles that did not include this unit.
Design and Features
Engine 406 (carburetor) runs on gasoline. It has 16 valves and 4 pistons. Injection is regulated by an integrated electronic system.
During the creation of this power unit, the manufacturer decided to highlight it and add features. This can be considered the location of the shafts at the top of the cylinder block. The spark plugs are centered. Through the use of a new injection system and a combustion chamber, the compression was increased to 9.3. They also replaced the carburetor type power system.
Due to some manipulations, fuel consumption was reduced . However, it was rumored that the power of one model of the Volga car (the 406 engine was also installed on it) was overestimated specially and artificially.
The difference between the injector and the carburetor
For a long time, only carburetor models were produced. Over time, injector ones appeared. Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve some characteristics, for example, to reduce the amount of fuel consumed. If you follow the theory of internal combustion engines, the carbureted engine "Gazelle" 406 begins to work more powerful with a corresponding increase in the level of rotation of the crankshaft. How can this be achieved? The mechanism is made in such a way that when you sharply press the pedal, the amount of gasoline vapor increases. This, in turn, contributes to an increase in the speed of the crankshaft.
Injection engine 406 (GAZ often used it) works using a microprocessor. Thanks to him, even with a light pedal, the driving dynamics of the car will be improved.
Engine tuning
In order to slightly modify the engine output, tuning work can be done to help improve performance. Some do not like the small power, others like the amount of fuel consumed, and sometimes the driver wants to stand out from the others, optimizing a specific characteristic.
The first thing that can be done at the service station is to improve the 406 engine (carburetor) in terms of power. As a rule, in this case, either the technical characteristics of the unit are increased by increasing the pistons, or turbocharging (or turbines separately) is installed . The second method will be more reliable, however, the first will take much less effort, money and time.
In order to improve the overall dynamics, it will be enough to polish the input and output channels.
Drivers Mistakes
Because of the eternal desire to improve their unit, many try too hard and in the end just kill the engine. What mistakes should not be made when working with the 406 series power unit? An engine, the price of which varies within 100 thousand rubles, is better not to optimize once again.
Do not follow the advice of inexperienced drivers who suggest reducing the mass of the flywheel. This will only lead to unnecessary problems, and not to increase power. Air swirls are superfluous. Listen to the experts who offer to install them, is not necessary. If you use them, then the power will be proportionally reduced. The speed of the car does not increase when the intake air is heated. Reliability of the engine will drop if water is added in droplets to the intake tract. Constructors, on the contrary, try to separate the liquid from the fuel as much as possible, because, getting into it, it contributes to the onset of corrosion. Some recommend installing an electric tensioner to change engine specifications. However, it not only costs a lot of money, but also completely kills the power unit. And this is not all (but the most common) mistakes made by drivers.
Use in cars
Now this engine can be installed on any model of "Gazelle" and "Volga". Moreover, it officially stands on some passenger and freight copies. However, due to the fact that many tend to use it on other models, small problems may arise. As a rule, this leads to a quick breakdown of the pump, or the nozzles simply stop working, start to build the engine or leak oil. Performance problems may occur. In this case, you need to contact the service station. If the problem is even more serious, then to the specialized centers of the plant. They are scattered throughout Russia and some CIS countries. The 406 engine (GAZ also helps to fix problems, and no worse than ZMZ) is so popular that high-quality repairs will not cause big problems. These manipulations will not take much time, and most importantly, they will not require global financial costs.