Actual fire safety standards were fixed by a government decree of 04.25.2012 in the rules of the fire regime of the Russian Federation. Let us consider in more detail what requirements these rules impose on the behavior of people in production, as well as on the maintenance of various objects in order to ensure their safety.
Fire safety standards require the management of the enterprise or organization to create appropriate instructions for each explosion and flammable room separately.
Employees should only be allowed to work after being instructed in accordance with the regulations.
The management may appoint a responsible person to monitor the absence of fire at the facility entrusted to him. If more than fifty people work and are at the same time at the enterprise, fire safety standards recommend that the management create a special technical commission.
The management is also obliged to place plates with numbers for calling the fire fighting service in all potentially dangerous places, including rooms where combustible materials are stored.
For every ten people working on the same floor, there must be one evacuation plan.
If, in addition to a day visit, people are planning an overnight stay (for example, in boarding schools or nursing homes), the management is obliged to provide night watch for staff. In this case, the sequence of actions in case of fire should be prescribed in the instructions. In addition, if you focus on fire safety standards, this duty officer should be equipped with PPE from combustion products, a telephone and an electric lamp. Every day, management must report the number of guests or patients to the security point to which the institution is attached. Buildings in which children are staying must have at least two evacuation exits, be equipped with a signal transmission device in case of fire and telephone communications.
Fire safety standards require an educational, training check at the facility with people staying twice a year.
If people with disabilities live in the building, they also need to conduct training sequences of actions in case of fire.
In garden collectives, on the territory of settlements and similar objects, the presence of fire alarms and extinguishing containers is mandatory. Owners of individual residential buildings must themselves purchase a fire extinguisher or install a barrel of water. On the territory of such settlements and associations, fire safety standards prohibit the dumping of combustible waste, as well as leaving containers with flammable and combustible liquids and gases.
In buildings and facilities, all escape routes and exits should be accessible to people. Fire safety regulations prohibit obstruction by foreign objects. In the attics, in the basements, next to the stairs leading to the exit, it is forbidden to store combustible items. Access to fire hydrants, fire extinguishers and other fire extinguishing equipment should also be free.
In individual housing and industrial premises is prohibited:
- Use equipment that does not have thermal protection, and with faulty thermostats.
- It is forbidden to use home-made electrical appliances, as well as any devices that have external damage in the wiring.
- Leave turned on appliances unattended.
- Store combustible and flammable materials near electrical panels, starting equipment and electric motors.
- Use electrical appliances with visible wiring damage.
Fire safety standards are described in more detail in the relevant law.