The world economy is a rather complex system based on the principles of self-organization. It is in constant development, does not have at its core any rigid ties, changes regularly, but its system continuously strives for equilibrium. The basis of the global economy is the mechanism of maintaining internal balance and an important ability to self-development.
The world economy has a certain functioning principle, the essence of which lies in the system of ownership and use of production forces, as well as the structure of forms and methods of regulation and stimulation of economic processes on a global scale. This concept also includes organizational and legal rules that positively affect the production, exchange, use and consumption of final products, as well as dynamic changes and qualitative characteristics of economic development.
The world economy is the result of the historical development of the economy, as well as the interaction of world economies. Its development is influenced by several socio-economic factors, including:
1. The international division of labor.
2. The development of transport and communications.
3. Migration of financial and human capital.
It is necessary to consider the stages of development of the world economy in order to fully analyze its system. So, the first began to be laid after the industrial revolution, which started in England in the sixties of the eighteenth century, when the mechanical spinning wheel was first used in production.
As for the second stage of development of the world economy, it began around 1910-1930, when preparations for the First World War took place, which entailed the militarization of the economy. New branches of production appeared (petrochemical, energy and aluminum).
The third stage started during the Second World War. At this time, major contradictions appeared in the economy between Japan, the USA and the countries of Western Europe.
The fourth stage covers the period from 1970 to 1990, when the crisis began to take shape, and then the collapse of the world socialist system. During this period, the pace of development of the USA, Japan and EU countries began to grow, and the integration of economies that united the world economy intensified.
As for the last, fifth stage of development, it began around 1990 and continues to this day. It is characterized by the fact that the countries of the former USSR have become a part of the world economy, in which the transition to a market economy continues. At this time, there is a rapid development of information technology. However, aggravation of global problems, environmental pollution, as well as the active development of the shadow economy and drug business, begins. A major problem for society is global terrorism, against which all countries and peoples are starting to unite.
Currently, the globalization of the world economy is influenced by the aggravation of problems in society, among which are called economic, demographic and others.
The world economy has always been distinguished by the fact that within its framework one can distinguish differentiation of countries based on the difference in levels of economic development, the presence of a certain number of production factors, and also on the role in the international division of labor. By analyzing these parameters, countries with a high level of development are provided with certain advantages. On the other hand, there are many underdeveloped states that depend both economically and technologically on market leaders who dictate their requirements for establishing a new economic order in the world.