LED lamps today almost completely replaced traditional incandescent lamps. This is due to their high performance, as well as the presence of a host of advantages. What features the LED lighting of an apartment has, recommendations for its arrangement - all this will be discussed later.
Features of diode lighting
Considering which lighting for an apartment will be economical and functional, you should pay attention to diode lamps. This type of electrical appliance has appeared on the market relatively recently. However, he managed to gain popularity around the world. It should be said that the work of diode lamps takes place almost without heating. This significantly reduces the amount of electricity they consume. Conventional incandescent and halogen varieties are characterized by a high level of heat loss.
Today, several varieties of diode illuminators are used. They are used for indoor and outdoor lighting. Such lamps allow you to organize high-quality lighting in industrial facilities and in residential premises. You can choose not only the appropriate type of power of the lighting device, but also the color of the glow.
LED lamp is a device with a rather complex device. It has a certain set of characteristics. It is important to choose its dispersion angle, strength and temperature of the glow. The difference between the presented electrical appliances is in the type of cap.
There are different options for lighting in the apartment using diode lamps. It can be one powerful lamp or several spotlights. Also a common option is the use of a diode strip. In this case, electrical appliances can be not only functional, but also create a certain decorative effect, divide the space of the room into zones.
Benefits
LED electrical appliances have a lot of positive qualities. They replaced not only incandescent lamps, but also other varieties of illuminators. They cost a little more than other similar products. However, this does not reduce the demand for them. Diode lamps quickly pay off in the process of their work.
It is worth noting that high-quality lighting devices of the diode type are distinguished by a long service life. They work effectively for 50-100 thousand hours (depending on the manufacturer and type of lamp). The absence of mercury vapor or other harmful substances in the flask makes such devices safe and environmentally friendly.
The main advantage of diode lamps is low power consumption. This significantly reduces utility bills. So, to provide the same amount of light that an incandescent lamp gives 75 watts, a diode device with a capacity of only 15 watts is required. At the same time, a wire for lighting in an apartment can be purchased cheaper than for creating ordinary lighting.
The presented type of products is compact in size. They are resistant to vibration, are not afraid of moisture and can work even at low temperatures. The luminous flux is characterized by high efficiency. When using diode lamps, ribbons, you can create different design options, transforming the interior.
Types of lighting
There are different lighting ideas in the apartment. In this case, it is important to calculate the number and power of lamps used in a particular lighting. It is also important to choose their location correctly. There are three main types of lighting. When planning future repairs, this must be taken into account.
There is accent, general and functional local lighting. They differ in purpose and features of the creation. Accent lighting is used for decoration. It allows you to create a certain mood in the room, emphasize the dignity of the interior. Most often, spotlights or diode strips of different shades are used for this. This type of lighting requires the right combination with interior design elements. Such electrical appliances do not consume much energy.
Local lighting should be bright enough to illuminate the work area. This, for example, may be a countertop in the kitchen or a desk in the room. This type of lighting can be used to create room zoning. It plays not only a decorative, but also a functional role. Therefore, certain requirements are put forward to him.
General LED lighting in the apartment should be bright enough. This is most often a central upper chandelier or a spotlight system. Their power should be sufficient to properly illuminate the entire room. For this group of devices, there are clear standards and requirements.
Regulatory requirements
There are certain lighting standards in the apartment. They must be taken into account when creating the arrangement of the arrangement and the choice of lamps. This takes into account the type of room. Each lamp emits a luminous flux of a certain brightness. It is measured in units such as lux. This characteristic must be indicated on the packaging of the lamp. To create high-quality general lighting in the room, this indicator must be taken into account.
Standards are presented in SNiP on 1 m² of room space. Pre this room is grouped by purpose. The highest levels of lighting require office space, a living room. Here it is necessary to create lighting with a brightness of 380-490 lux / m². For a gym, this figure is 400 lux / m².
A little less brightness is required for a study, a training room. Here you need to provide lighting 300 lux / m². For the catering point, the bedrooms you need to create a luminous flux of 200 lux / m². Lighting the corridor in the apartment, as well as the landing, requires a brightness of only 100 lux / m².
These indicators were not established by chance. The specified level of lighting can provide comfort for a person's vision in a particular room. The values shown are for rooms with standard ceiling heights. It is up to 3 m. There are rooms with a higher ceiling height. In this case, the specified value of the brightness should be increased by 1.5 times.
Calculation Example
Choosing lamps for lighting apartments, you need to perform the correct calculation. This will allow you to purchase the optimal number of lighting fixtures. The relevant information is presented in the technical documentation of each diode device. The calculation is carried out in accordance with the norms of SNiP.
First you need to measure the area of the room. For example, it is 14 m². Next, the lighting rate for this type of room is determined. For example, lamps are chosen for the bedroom. In this case, it is necessary to provide a luminosity of 200 lux / m². The calculation will be as follows:
14 * 200 = 2800 lumens.
This value corresponds to the total room requirement in the number of light rays. Next, the number of lamps is calculated. Let's say diode illuminators with a brightness of 400 lumens are on sale. Their number is calculated as follows:
2800: 400 = 7 pieces.
It should be noted that a conventional 11-watt diode-type lamp has a brightness of about 750 lumens. Having made a simple calculation, it will be possible to determine the number of lighting fixtures. Also after that, you can draw up a layout of the lighting fixtures in the room.
What to look for when choosing?
When creating lighting for ceilings in an apartment, it is necessary to consider what issues should be paid attention to when choosing lighting fixtures. First of all, you need to give preference to well-known manufacturers. They provide a warranty on their products. Such lamps have a long service life. High-quality products are delivered to the market by the brands Philips, Nichia, Osram, etc.
It is also worthwhile to clarify whether these lamps are designed for operation with an unstable voltage in the network. If not, you will need to install a current stabilizer. Another important issue is the cost of the lamps. You should not buy cheap devices. The design of such lamps does not allow them to be made much cheaper. If the cost of the lamp is low, this is a low-quality product.
Each diode lamp has a radiator in its design. This part is used to remove heat during lamp operation. If a cheap radiator is installed in it that is not able to cope with the task assigned to it, the cost of the lighting device can be reduced. However, due to overheating, the lamp will not work for a month. Therefore, the issue of quality should be a priority. Otherwise, it is impractical to purchase such a device.
After considering the above characteristics, you need to pay attention to the lamp power. Get the required number of lighting fixtures. In this case, the temperature of their glow should be taken into account.
Warm and cold light
Creating LED lighting in the apartment, you need to choose the right shade of glow. It can be warm or cold for white light bulbs. In the first case, a yellow tint is added to the color. Such lamps resemble ordinary incandescent light. The second option has cold shades in its spectrum. There is also a neutral type of lighting.
The temperature (hue) of the light flux is measured in kelvins. This indicator is necessarily indicated on the package. You need to pay attention to it when choosing. The higher the light temperature, the colder the shade.
So, the traditional light of an incandescent lamp varies in the range of the temperature of the beam flux from 2500 to 3000 K. Therefore, if this value is indicated on the package of the diode device, it will be easy to imagine the color of the lamp beams. This shade is rarely chosen today for home lighting. Only for certain interior styles, this shade of lamps is better than others.
For the eyes, the neutral temperature of the light flux is comfortable. This becomes especially noticeable in the evening. This shade corresponds to the natural daylight of the sun. Therefore, it will be comfortable to be in a room with neutral shade lighting.
Lamps with a cold shade of glow have the inscription 5000-6500 K. on the packaging. They are well suited for an office room or office. However, for a living room, this light is not comfortable.
On sale there are many LED devices with a glow temperature of 5500-6500 K. However, such products are best installed in office premises. In residential premises they are uncomfortable. Therefore, it is best to create apartment lighting with the help of neutral temperature lamps.
Color backlight
Today, LED strips are used to create both full and accent lighting. They come in different colors. Both monophonic (white, red, blue, green, yellow, etc.) ribbons and multi-colored varieties (with RGB diodes) are on sale. Using such diode lighting devices, you can create both functional illumination and zoning using lighting in a studio apartment.
LED strip is a printed circuit board on which diodes are applied at a certain interval. It can have a different degree of protection, which determines its scope. There are diode tapes for a warm clean room, damp, dusty rooms, as well as for the street.
The backlight looks original with the help of a diode strip, which is mounted under a translucent stretch ceiling. From it you can make different patterns. The tape can be cut in designated places. If it needs to be increased, special connectors are used. This allows you to implement any design decisions in the interior.
Interior decoration with tape
When developing an apartment lighting scheme, it is recommended that diode tapes be used as additional lighting. Solid colors are chosen in accordance with the existing interior. Its color should be in harmony with the surrounding space. Universal in this case are white diode tapes.
One of the best options is to install a multi-color lighting device of this type, which has RGB diodes on its board. They allow you to create any shade of glow. Using a special remote control, you can control the brightness and shade of such an element of the interior, creating a certain mood.
With the help of a diode strip, you can make ceiling lights. For this, special baguettes are purchased. A tape is laid in them so that it is not visible, but the light flux is reflected from the ceiling. This is a beautiful decorative effect. It looks especially aesthetically pleasing when decorating multi-level ceilings.
Also, with the help of a diode tape, mono emphasize certain interior elements, for example, curtains, furniture facades. In the kitchen, using this type of electrical appliances, they create high-quality illumination of the working area.
Other design options
It is recommended to create diode lighting for an apartment using different types of lamps. This allows you to create unusual images, zoning space. So, in the center of the room you can install a chandelier with many lights on the ceiling. In this case, you can separately highlight the relaxation area (sofa and coffee table) by installing several diode spotlights above them. You can add diode illumination along the perimeter of the ceiling to the interior design.
If the room is small, it is better to avoid bulky lighting fixtures. In this case, it is better to install several point diode lamps. Their shape, size and type of frame can be chosen in accordance with the existing interior. You can also carry out zoning using a diode tape.
There are interior design options in which the main lighting is made using a diode strip. Add a few floor lamps or sconces as small accents in the working, dining area. All elements of the interior should be in harmony, complementing each other.
Having considered how to create apartment lighting using diode-type lighting fixtures, you can choose the right lamps and develop an original, effective scheme for their installation.