The country's fisheries significantly affects its economic condition. After all, it is a supplier of food products, feed for livestock farms, as well as valuable ingredients for the pharmacological, chemical and cosmetic industries.
Fishery complexes are the main incentive for urban development in the coastal areas, especially in the northern regions. Most of the settlements in these zones live off the development of fisheries . Moreover, such enterprises are the main employer there. Successful growth and development of fishing and fish processing companies significantly increases the budget of the North.
The entire agricultural sector of the Russian economy is in crisis. Fisheries did not escape this fate. The main problem is the lack of a legislative framework protecting the rights of enterprises in this industry. Growing fish is also complicated by unauthorized capture by its poachers, as well as poor environmental conditions that directly affect the reduction of raw materials. In addition, the depreciation of fixed assets of fish farming is large and financial investments in their re-equipment are low.
The current deplorable situation in the industry is associated with a slow pace of its development. The catch of fish due to the fishing industry does not exceed 8-10% of the total catch.
Fisheries should be improved through the organization of new forms of labor and production. One of such options may be the rental of ponds for temporary use or private ownership. This will enable the use of unused funds of small and medium-sized lakes. Only a true economy will protect the reservoir’s resources from plunder (since the tenant will act as an inspector), and also contribute to increasing the fish’s productivity of the reservoir.
The problem of issuing licenses: the volume of fish catch should be determined by the tenant of the reservoir or the fish protection service in coordination with it. The fears of the full catch of fish from the reservoirs by the tenants themselves are well-founded, but it seems that a competent owner, getting this plot for a long rental, will not undermine the foundations of his business. In addition, there must certainly be tight control by the relevant services.
Implementation is also a difficult issue in this matter. Prices for fish in Russia are greatly overstated (2-3 times compared to European ones). Why, we’ll figure it out now.
Fish farming is a rather complicated process:
1. At a lower water temperature, the fish receives less benefit from food - as they say, eats, but does not recover. In our climate zone, this is an important factor.
2. In closed ecosystems of water bodies, everything must be controlled by man, otherwise waterlogging, siltation, and epidemics are inevitable.
3. The creeps of poachers is also a problem for fish breeders. Protection on water should be serious, which is not cheap.
4. Agricultural products are on a single agricultural tax, in which fish should represent 70% of sales. If the entrepreneur survives through the creation of smoke shops or a distribution network, then subsidiary companies that are imputed to tax have to be created from them.
Fisheries needs the development of legislative norms and regional programs that streamline the development and improvement of the economic potential of the industry and provide for its structural restructuring. Rosrybolovstvo has already taken care of the situation, which has proposed a program for the development of this industry in the coming years. One of the priority tasks is the increase in fish production by about 30%. Additionally, the state intends to increase funding for the industry, but the mechanisms for distributing funds are still unknown.