Overhaul and maintenance of structures and buildings - types of organizational and technical measures aimed at eliminating the moral and physical deterioration of objects. There are a number of differences between them. Let's consider them in the article.
Overhaul
It includes troubleshooting and defects of worn-out elements of the object. Some of them can be replaced by new, more durable.
During the overhaul, the following may be replaced:
- Concrete and stone foundations.
- Bearing walls.
- Wireframe structures.
In addition, redevelopment of the structure, equipment with additional engineering systems, and improvement of the adjacent territory can be carried out.
Types of overhaul
Major repairs can be selective or complex.
The latter involves the replacement of engineering equipment and structural elements or their modernization. At the same time, work can cover either the entire structure as a whole, or individual parts of the structure.
With selective overhaul, partial or complete replacement of individual structures and elements, as well as engineering equipment, occurs. Such measures are aimed at compensating physical and functional wear.
Maintenance of structures and buildings
The determination of the frequency of its implementation is carried out taking into account the climatic conditions in which the structure is operated. Equally important are the technical condition of the elements, the mode of use of the object.
Repair is carried out at intervals that ensure the most efficient use of the facility. Work is carried out after the building is commissioned before overhaul or between overhauls.
Justification of the current repair of buildings and structures
To ensure the safe operation of buildings , their maintenance, maintenance, and operational monitoring should be carried out. The relevant regulations are contained in the Town Planning Code.
The justification for the need for ongoing repair of structures and buildings is based on the results of operational control. It is carried out by performing:
- Periodic inspections.
- Checks / monitoring.
During these procedures, the technical condition of building structures, engineering systems is evaluated. Based on the results of inspections, special statements are compiled. They enter the indicators obtained, which are then checked against established standards.
Types of Examinations
To justify the need for ongoing repairs of structures and buildings , scheduled and unscheduled inspections are carried out. The first, in turn, are divided into partial and general.
In the course of general inspections, the technical condition of the facility as a whole, external improvement and engineering systems are monitored. A partial examination assesses the condition of some structures in the premises, as well as elements of improvement.
Unscheduled inspections are carried out after natural disasters (earthquakes, heavy rains, mudflows, heavy snowfalls, floods, etc.), the occurrence of which may result in damage to individual structural elements. In addition, such examinations are carried out after accidents of energy, water, and heat supply systems, as well as in the case of deformations in the base of the facility.
Nuances
General inspections before the maintenance of structures and buildings are carried out at least twice a year. A commission is formed for their conduct. The results of inspections are reflected in the documents of the technical condition of the facility. They are, for example, accounting books, special cards, etc.
These documents must contain information about:
- Assessment of the technical condition of the structure and its elements.
- Faults identified during the inspection.
- Location of defects.
- The reasons for the identified malfunctions.
- Work on the current repair of structures and buildings performed during the inspection.
Summarized information about the condition of the facility is annually reflected in the data sheet.
Cost justification
The basis for determining the price of current repairs of structures and buildings are design documents, which include the estimated cost of work. This documentation is developed and approved in the manner prescribed by law.
The project, according to article 48 of the GRK, is a complex of materials made in text and graphic forms. The design documentation defines the functional-technological, architectural, engineering-technical, constructive solutions that ensure the construction, repair, reconstruction of objects and their parts, if the relevant measures affect the safety and reliability of the building.
The specifics of preparing documents
On the basis of part 12.2 of Article 48 of the Civil Code, during the overhaul, preparation of certain parts of the project documentation is carried out in accordance with the assignment of the customer / developer, depending on the volume and content of the work envisaged.
Requirements for the content and composition of sections of the project are established by government decree No. 87 of 2008. The documentation is approved by the customer or the developer.
When performing current repairs, the design of the entire project is not required. Enough estimates, which justifies its value. It is compiled in the form specified in Appendix No. 2 to the MDS 81-35.2004.
Dates
The need for ongoing repair of equipment of buildings and structures arises more often than the need for overhaul. In this regard, local events are held every three to six months. This time range is very conditional, as it may also require premature repair, for example, in case of an accident.
It should be said that the adjustment of the list of ongoing repairs of structures and buildings , the schedule for their implementation can be carried out by residents at general meetings or employees of the enterprise. Overhaul is usually carried out once every 3-5 years. Owners or employees can also postpone the date of the meeting if there are good reasons for this.
Routine repairs are usually carried out without prior notice. As for work related to large-scale replacement or updating of structures, they are notified in advance.
Additionally
With the distinction between current and major repairs of an object, difficulties often arise. The fact is that there is no clear boundary between these formats of organizational and technical measures.
For example, there is such a concept - "selective overhaul" (it was mentioned above). It involves a partial replacement of structural elements of the structure. However, during routine repairs, similar measures may be taken.
It should be said that in practice, overhaul can include a whole range of work. However, they can all be included in the list of ongoing technical activities. A strict demarcation will take place only when the project receives the appropriate designation.
Conclusion
For the average person, the differentiation of the concepts of “current repair” and “overhaul” can be significant even if it is not associated with organizational and technical processes.
The distinction, for example, can become important for owners of individual (private) houses planning to carry out certain activities related to updating systems and structural elements of a structure. He will spend his own finances on all these works. Accordingly, he needs to know exactly what activities need to be carried out and how much they will cost.
Understanding the differences between current and overhaul will allow classifying technical works, dividing them into types, and determining their level of complexity. If third-party performers are involved, the classification helps to establish the degree of their responsibility.
The distinction is important for owners of premises in apartment buildings. Indeed, in this case, the residents' money will be spent on capital and ongoing repair measures. It is important for owners to understand the specifics of repairs in order to competently build legal and economic relations with a company performing these technical measures. At the same time, residents themselves can take an active part in the inspection of the structure, inspection of equipment and engineering systems together with the commission or independently. Owners should have up-to-date information on the state of the structural elements of the object in order to make the right decisions regarding their updating.