Radiation therapy is a method of treating tumor diseases using ionizing radiation. It is created using special apparatuses in which a radioactive source is placed. The method is based on the fact that irradiation leads to the accumulation of many mutations in actively dividing cells, leading to their death.
Radiation therapy methods are divided according to the type of radiation. So, gamma therapy or x-ray therapy can be used in the treatment. Depending on the location of the source in relation to the patient’s body, there is contact, remote, intracavitary radiation. The source can also be brought directly to the tumor. This method is carried out using thin needles and is called interstitial irradiation.
It should be noted that radiation therapy is an independent medical specialization. If it becomes necessary to use a similar method of treatment, an oncologist gives the patient a referral. The patient attends a consultation with a radiation therapist, which determines the type of exposure, the amount of load, and also the duration of the course.
This treatment is aimed at maximizing the effect on the tumor with minimal effect on healthy tissues. This condition is achieved when planning it. The specialist accurately determines the location of the neoplasm in order to direct the beam to the required depth and in the right direction.
When using the remote method, a mark is applied to the site of exposure (on the patient's skin). The areas around and the rest of the body are protected by lead shields. The duration of the procedure is a few minutes. The number of sessions is calculated from the total prescribed dose.
Throughout the procedure, the patient does not experience any pain or any other sensations. Radiation therapy is carried out in a special room. During the session, the patient is in it alone. The doctor monitors the procedure from a neighboring office using cameras or through a special glass.
Given the nature of the tumor process, radiation therapy can be used both in combination with chemotherapy or surgical treatment, or independently. This method of exposure has a local character and can be used on individual parts of the body. The results of treatment indicate a significant reduction in the size of the neoplasm or complete disposal of it. In addition, radiation therapy for breast cancer significantly reduces the risk of relapse.
Complications after completing the course can only be noted in the area of influence or have a general character. Before starting the course, you need to find out from the doctor about all the alleged complications and about possible ways to prevent them.
Side effects are manifested in accordance with the area of impact. So, for example, when the chest or neck is irradiated, pain or difficulty swallowing may be noted against a background of esophagitis. Exposure to the scalp can cause baldness.
Remote exposure often causes peeling, itching, dryness or redness of the skin. Small bubbles may also appear. In order to prevent or treat such an adverse reaction, emollient lotions or creams are prescribed. Often, patients undergo rapid fatigue and weakness after undergoing procedures. In such cases, you should adhere to the correct regime of the day, allocate time for a day's rest, and follow an optimal calorie diet.
If you have any deviations in the state of health, you must contact a specialist. Most adverse events can be attenuated or eliminated.