From the Greek "fusis" comes the word "physics". It means "nature." Aristotle, who lived in the fourth century BC, first introduced this concept.
Physics became “Russian” with the filing of MV Lomonosov, when he translated the first textbook from German.
Science physics
Physics is one of the basic sciences of nature. Various processes, changes, that is, phenomena, constantly occur in the world around.
For example, a piece of ice in a warm place will begin to melt. And the water in the kettle boils over a fire. The electric current passed through the wire will heat it and even heat it up. Each of these processes is a phenomenon. In physics, these are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, sound, thermal, and light changes studied by science. They are also called physical phenomena. Considering them, scientists derive laws.
The task of science is to discover these laws and study them. Nature is being studied by such sciences as biology, geography, chemistry and astronomy. All of them apply physical laws.
Terms
In addition to the usual in physics, they also use special words called terms. This is “energy” (in physics it is a measure of various forms of interaction and motion of matter, as well as the transition from one to another), “strength” (a measure of the intensity of the influence of other bodies and fields on a body) and many others. Some of them gradually became colloquial.
For example, using the word “energy” in everyday life as applied to a person, we can evaluate the consequences of his actions, but energy in physics is a measure of learning in many different ways.
All bodies in physics are called physical. They have volume and shape. They consist of substances, which, in turn, are one of the types of matter - this is all that exists in the Universe.
Experiences
Much of what people know was obtained through observation. To study the phenomena, they are constantly observed.
Take, for example, the fall on the earth of various bodies. It is necessary to find out whether this phenomenon differs when the bodies of unequal mass fall, different heights, and so on. It would be very long and far from always successful to wait and observe different bodies. Therefore, experiments are carried out for such purposes. They differ from observations, since they are specially implemented according to a pre-compiled plan and with specific goals. Usually, some guesswork is preliminarily built in the plan, that is, they put forward hypotheses. Thus, in the course of the experiments they will be refuted or confirmed. After considering and explaining the results of the experiments, conclusions are drawn. This is how scientific knowledge is obtained.
Values and units of their measurement
Often, studying any physical phenomena, perform different measurements. When the body falls, for example, they measure height, mass, speed and time. All this is physical quantities, that is, what can be measured.
Measuring a quantity means comparing it with the same quantity that is taken as a unit (the length of the table is compared with a unit of length - a meter or another). Each such quantity has its own units.
In all countries, they try to use single units. In Russia, as in other states, the SI international system of units is used (which means "international system"). The following units are accepted in it:
- length (characteristic of the length of the lines in numerical terms) - meter;
- time (process flow, condition for possible change) - second;
- mass (this is a characteristic in physics that determines the inert and gravitational properties of matter) - kilogram.
Often it is necessary to use units that are much larger than the generally accepted ones - multiple. They are called with the corresponding prefixes from the Greek: “soundboard”, “hecto”, “kilo” and so on.
Units that are smaller than accepted are called fractional. Latin prefixes are applied to them: "deci", "santi", "milli" and so on.
Measuring instruments
To conduct experiments, we need instruments. The simplest of them are a ruler, cylinder, tape measure and others. With the development of science, new devices improve, become more complex and new devices appear: voltmeters, thermometers, stopwatch and others.
Basically, devices have a scale, that is, dashed lines on which values are written. Before measuring, determine the division value:
- take two bars of the scale with the values;
- the smaller is subtracted from the larger, and the resulting number is divided by the number of divisions that are between.
For example, two strokes with the values "twenty" and "thirty", the distance between which is divided into ten intervals. In this case, the division price will be equal to one.
Accurate measurements and error
Measurements are performed more or less accurately. Acceptable inaccuracy is called error. When measuring, it cannot be greater than the division price of the measuring device.
Accuracy depends on the price of division and the correct use of the device. But in the end, in any dimension, only approximate values are obtained.
Theoretical and Experimental Physics
These are the main branches of science. It may seem that they are very far from each other, especially since most people are either theorists or experimenters. However, they develop constantly side by side. Any problem is considered by both theorists and experimenters. The first thing is to describe the data and hypotheses, and the second test the theory in practice, conducting experiments and obtaining new data. Sometimes achievements are called forth only by experiments, without the described theories. In other cases, on the contrary, it is possible to obtain results that are checked later.
The quantum physics
This direction arose at the end of 1900, when a new physical fundamental constant was discovered, which was called the Planck constant in honor of the German physicist who discovered it, Max Planck. He solved the problem of the spectral distribution of light emitted by heated bodies, while classical general physics could not do this. Planck hypothesized the quantum energy of the oscillator, which was incompatible with classical physics. Thanks to it, many physicists began to revise old concepts, change them, as a result of which quantum physics arose. This is a completely new view of the world.
Quantum Physics and Consciousness
The phenomenon of human consciousness in terms of quantum mechanics is not entirely new. Its foundation was laid back by Jung and Pauli. But only now, with the formation of this new direction of science, the phenomenon began to be considered and studied on a larger scale.
The quantum world is many-sided and multidimensional; it has many classical faces and projections.
The two main properties in the framework of the proposed concept are superintuition (that is, getting information out of nowhere) and the management of subjective reality. In ordinary consciousness, a person can see only one picture of the world and is not able to consider two at once. Whereas in reality there are a huge number of them. All this in aggregate is the quantum world and light.
This quantum physics teaches us to see a new reality for humans (although many eastern religions, as well as magicians, have long mastered such a technique). It is only necessary to change the human consciousness. Now man is inseparable from the whole world, but the interests of everything living and being are taken into account.
Just then, plunging into a state where he is able to see all the alternatives, he receives insight, which is absolute truth.
The principle of life from the point of view of quantum physics is for a person to, among other things, contribute to a better world order.