Technological emergencies: rules of conduct

In modern society, emergency situations, unfortunately, are not uncommon, and therefore each member of the society needs to know how to behave in a particular situation. All emergency situations are usually divided into two large groups depending on the origin of the factors that provoked them: natural (for example, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons), industrial (accidents at nuclear power plants, chemical plants, breakthroughs of dams, etc.) and social ( terrorist attacks, wars, armed conflicts). Technological emergencies, as a rule, are quite large-scale (from regional to international), leading to serious financial losses, loss of life and environmentally adverse consequences. That is why it is so important to know the algorithm of actions and, most importantly, not to panic. Let us look at specific examples of some technogenic emergencies and basic strategies for action.

Damage to piping systems could result in the explosion or ignition of combustible substances with human casualties. In addition, there is a leak of harmful substances into the environment , followed by pollution of environmental objects (water bodies, soil, atmosphere), which, in turn, leads to the mass death of plants, animals and people. As a rule, the government is responsible for dealing with the consequences of such accidents. The task of the population is to protect themselves (not to drink water from infected sources, etc.)

Accidents at chemical plants

Such accidents are usually caused by explosions or fires. But the main danger lies in the fact that due to damage to the tanks, liquid or gaseous poisonous substances leak. Despite the fact that specific structures are involved in the liquidation of the accident, the population is in immediate danger. You should be evacuated if there was such an order, taking with you documents and a supply of food and water for 1-2 days. Use a respirator or gauze bandage to protect your respiratory system. Depending on the type of poisonous substances, it is effective to saturate the dressing with appropriate solutions: soda to protect it from chlorine, citric acid to protect it from ammonia, etc. If there is pollution of the atmosphere with chlorine, take children in their arms during evacuation: chlorine is heavier than air and tends to drop down. To avoid lacrimation and burns to the mucous membranes of the eyes, wear glasses that fit snugly against the skin. Spraying a soda solution in the air will help reduce the concentration of chlorine. If mercury enters the environment, it should be evacuated as quickly as possible, rinse the mucous membranes with potassium permanganate.

The breakthrough of dams, dams and other structures threatens flooding of vast territories and serious human casualties. In such a situation, it is necessary, first of all, to evacuate to the nearest hill as soon as possible and wait for the water level to drop. When leaving the shelter, remember: in no case do you drink water from wells (sewage could have got there due to an accident), beware of dangling wires when entering the building or being near it, remember that due to getting wet the structure could be washed and there is a risk caving it.

Accidents at radiation facilities

Traditionally, these are the most dangerous technological emergencies , since large territories are quickly and uncontrollably contaminated. You urgently need to leave the infected area in the direction perpendicular to the wind. Try to cover all parts of the body, including the mucous membranes. Wear a respirator or gauze bandage. Do not eat food and water.

Accidents at biological and medical enterprises

Such accidents are also extremely dangerous technological emergencies. Their danger is associated primarily with the fact that it is difficult to determine the degree of danger. The plant may contain cultures of dangerous microorganisms, which, ultimately, will lead to an epidemic. Depending on the specifics of the enterprise, evacuation may be necessary. You must protect all mucous membranes by periodically disinfecting them, refrain from ingesting food and water.

Not any accident is a technogenic emergency, only a major one, which can lead to mass casualties: accidents in the subway, on the railway, at sea, on an airplane. To protect against alleged threats, strictly follow the rules of conduct in transport, pay attention to evacuation schemes, keep calm.

Emergencies of a natural and man-made nature are unpredictable situations that require the instant mobilization of a large number of people. In such situations, the basic rule is not to panic. Keeping calm, analyze the situation and act in accordance with the instructions, whenever possible, helping those who are near you.