New standards have become decisive in the work of educators. GEF introduced a new era of Russian education. We will find out what is the methodological basis of GEF, what knowledge a teacher should have.
On the need for second-generation standards
In 2010, the media presented the results of the PISA study, which was conducted in 65 countries, including the Russian Federation. This international survey addressed three issues:
- Does the training meet international standards?
- what changes have taken place recently in the education system;
- what is the direction of further improvement of training and education in OS.
As part of the analysis of the application of the system-activity approach , 15-year-old students were involved in the survey. Evaluation was carried out in the following areas: reading technique, logical skills, science skills. The researchers were given the task: to assess the ability of children to use the knowledge acquired at school in ordinary situations.
According to the results of the survey, the Russian Federation was in 45th place out of 65 countries in literacy among students in general education schools. Experts noted in Russia a direct relationship between the financial situation of the family and the good result of a child’s education. The survey leaders were South Korea, Finland, China, Singapore.
About 27% of Russian schoolchildren did not show the required reading technique, 29% did not master elementary mathematical concepts, 22% did not master the basics of natural science.
GEF 2 generations were planned as a real breakthrough in Russian education. The basis for the development of standards is the installation of a complete transfer of schools from the “catching up” to the “leading” model, the refusal to copy European educational systems. The creators of the Federal State Educational Standards of Public Educational Institutions took into account the informatization of society, developed the foundations of the theory on the basis of the competency-based educational paradigm. Ultimately, successful citizens who have competencies and skills, love their country and traditions should leave the community. Also among the distinctive features of the Federal State Educational Standards of Public Educational Institutions we note the transition to a design and construction strategy based on a system-activity approach, increasing the importance of educational work in educational institutions.
Innovations in GEF
The basic paradigm has been changed from knowledge to system-activity. Primary school teachers have already realized what is the methodological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard. For each lesson, they indicate educational universal skills that each child should eventually possess.
For the previous education system, the teacher faced the task of giving students the maximum amount of new knowledge. For the innovation paradigm, the task has become a competency-based approach, personal growth. GEF focuses the educational community on getting the final result. Responsibility for it lies with the new standards for all participants in the educational process, including the student himself.
Answering the question about what is the methodological basis of the FSES, we will use the Concept of spiritual and moral education and personal development. New standards require serious attention to the educational process in the community. The standard considers the school as a carrier of social identity. Shelters are obliged to educate a patriot and citizen, to fully reveal the talents of children, to develop them, to work closely with families of schoolchildren, social institutions.
The school and the society according to the GEF technology are recognized as partners, we are talking about an agreement between the municipality, the public institution, the family.
It is supposed a departure from the traditional classroom system, the development of project skills, the development of independent search and selection of information skills.
The methodological basis for the implementation of the GEF includes the formation of hypothesis hypothesis skills, selection of methods, analysis of work results. In developing the new generation of GEF, the priority was the formation of general educational skills and abilities, their application in real conditions.
“Fundamental core” of GEF
The developers are convinced that the main difference between the Federal State Educational Standard is the minimized approach to the construction of educational space on the basis of fundamentality. During the development of the economy, the importance of basic education is obvious. It is the main factor in the application of innovative technologies, the ability of the Russian Federation to be competitive in the market. The authors of the concept of UUD are Molchanov S.V., Volodarskaya I.A., Asmolov A.G. They are convinced that it was necessary to include a social request in the standard of general education. The Russian Federation is moving from an industrial form to an information society, in which the emphasis is on high innovative potential. The main task of education in such realities is cognitive, personal, general cultural development. A child receiving basic education should be able to learn.
GEF portrait of a graduate of grade 4
After four years of schooling, the student must:
- love your people, homeland, land;
- respect and accept the values of society and family;
- to learn the world with interest, to be active and inquisitive;
- have the skills to acquire knowledge, be responsible for the actions taken before the society and family;
- be able to hear, listen to another person, motivate personal opinion, explain the position;
- follow the rules of a healthy lifestyle.
GEF portrait of a 9th grade graduate
The concept of modernization of education puts forward certain requirements for ninth graders:
- love your country, land, know your native language, respect the spiritual traditions and culture of your people;
- to realize and accept the values of the family and human life, to be tolerant of representatives of different nationalities and religions;
- to learn about the world with interest, to understand the importance of labor, creativity, science;
- be able to learn, realize the importance of self-education, use the acquired knowledge in everyday life;
- respect the laws of the Russian Federation, be socially active, own moral values;
- appreciate the interlocutor, conduct a full dialogue, work in a team to achieve the goal;
- consciously implement and promote environmental safety;
- navigate the market of professions, understand the importance of professional activity for a person.
GEF portrait of high school graduate
- Love and value your homeland, land, know the spiritual traditions and culture of the people, respect the people;
- to realize and accept the values of society, family, respect multinationality, understand ownership of one’s country;
- to think creatively and critically, purposefully know the world around us, accept the value of creativity, science for society and man, be motivated by self-education and education throughout life;
- to own the basics of knowledge of the world, to be motivated by innovative activity and creativity;
- readiness for cooperation, implementation of design and research activities;
- awareness of oneself as a person, respecting the laws of the country, fulfilling obligations to the state, society, family, humanity;
- respect the opinion of the interlocutor, find mutual understanding in the process of dialogue;
- conduct informed preparation for choosing a profession, understand its importance.
Standard Composition
Modernization of Russian education was necessary, given the realities of society. The standard includes three groups of requirements:
- to mastering the educational program at the primary, secondary, senior level of education ;
- to the structure of OOP, the ratio of volume and result;
- human, material and technical resources.
So what is the methodological basis of GEF? For the main school, a division into different subject areas has been preserved, individual curricula are offered, children with disabilities and gifted (talented) children have their own learning option. The teacher performs the function of a classical tutor, helps the student in self-improvement and development.
What will change in secondary (full) education after the introduction of GEF?
First of all, standards suggest a significant reduction in the number of subjects. Of the 21 disciplines, 12 will remain. The new standard suggests that senior students leave 6 subject areas, the guys themselves choose the disciplines they need. The following subjects are left as obligatory subjects in the educational institution: “Russia in the world”, life safety, physical education. The selected discipline is considered at three levels of study:
- first stage (integrated);
- second stage (basic);
- third stage (profile).
For specialized training, 5 hours a week is offered, for integrated and basic training - 3 hours a week. An individual curriculum for a high school student contains three basic, three compulsory, three core subjects. Weekly load should not exceed 33 hours.
Professionalism of staff
The success of introducing new educational standards directly depends on the qualifications of teachers. The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation has established new certification rules for teachers, as well as the terms of training (at least 1 time in four years).
The volume of courses for teachers working in middle and senior management is defined at 108 hours, for primary classes - 72 hours.
On the timing of the introduction of the second generation of GEF OS
The year 2015 is set for basic education, and the year 2017 is set for senior education. The fifth graders, who came from elementary school in 2015, continued their education to new standards. In each region and region of the Russian Federation there are special experimental sites. In these educational institutions seminars, conferences, testing are held, the results of the introduction of innovations are analyzed. The standard has become a powerful incentive for the professional development of the teacher. A teacher working according to the traditional form of education simply transferred his own knowledge to the students, was a talking radio. According to the new generation of GEF, the teacher plays the role of a tutor, together with children, creates projects, conducts research. The mentor is the organizer, moderator of the activities of the students, and not the overseer.
Will children have overload in the new educational system?
If we compare the educational load of Russian schoolchildren with European peers, the difference is approximately 25%. In addition, no country has such long vacations as Russian students of the OS. When analyzing weekly hours, there is a serious overload of students. In Russia, the minimum duration of schooling is 10 years, while in the countries of the "old world" children study 12-13 years. With the extension of school life under the Federal State Educational Standard, children will be unloaded, the issue of lack of time for specialized programs will be solved.
Conclusion
New trends in the educational system help to form a successful personality, adapted to modern realities. When implementing the system-activity approach, a citizen of the country is educated who knows how to honor and value its traditions. Schoolchildren learn to control their actions, to be responsible for them, to solve everyday tasks on the basis of knowledge gained at school. The transfer of emphasis from narrow subject skills and abilities to universality, self-knowledge, development. The new standards have a fundamental basis, suggest an increase in students' cognitive interest in individual subject areas, in general, in the learning process. The importance of knowledge is not denied, but citizenship, patriotism, and communicativeness come to the fore. A special place is given to educational work. Together with parents, the teacher must form spiritual and moral qualities in the child.