What are organs? This question may be followed by several different answers. Find out what the definition of the word is, in what areas it is used.
Organs are ... Definition
The term is ambiguous and is used in several areas. From the point of view of law, bodies are organizations, institutions that perform certain duties and tasks in public life. Most often, the term is found in biology, denoting a part of the body of a living organism - an animal, plant, fungus, or person that performs certain functions.
If you look, then all definitions, although they relate to different areas of life, have similar features. They are close with the third value, where organs are tools, instruments, means. In both the biological and legal aspects, an organ is part of a system, a link that has its own functions and tasks. That is, he is her means in achieving the result.
In the system of the human body, an organ means an inanimate object that supports our life. In the state system, it refers to an organization consisting of several people who are involved in the life of society. What can replace the word organ? The synonym "tool" is perhaps the best.
Governing bodies
The structure that governs an area is called the governing body. This may apply to the state, society, commercial enterprise. In most cases, the organs are divided into primary and secondary. In commerce, the main governing body may be, for example, the board of directors in the case of a joint stock company.
In the state authorities are represented by various institutions and organizations that can be specific (the Ministry of the Interior, the President of the Russian Federation, etc.) or generalized, for example, the Federal Service, etc. All of them are divided into higher, lower, local, regional, federal and central, varying in degree of influence.
The state apparatus in different countries differs in its structure. It depends on the form of government (monarchy, republic, etc.), the regime (democracy, dictatorship, etc.), the political and territorial division of the country (autonomy, unitarianism, etc.). A common feature for all is the presence of governing bodies and coercion.
In this regard, the highest bodies are the executive (president, monarch), judicial (supreme, middle, lower courts), legislative (parliament, Duma, Shura) authorities. In countries of totalitarian socialism, they are divided into courts, prosecutors, government and public authorities.
General organ systems
The kingdom of animals includes a huge variety of species, including humans. Their organs differ depending on the group to which they belong, but there are common features. The main organ systems that are present in representatives of the animal kingdom:
- Musculoskeletal.
- Digestive
- Excretory.
- Sexual
- Nervous.
- Breathing
- The coverslip.
- Immune.
The complexity of the body structure increases from lower living beings to higher. For example, flatworms, primitive in their structure, do not have arms, legs, paws, respiratory organs, blood vessels, unlike mammals.
Despite this, even the most primitive organisms usually have excretory, digestive, muscular, and reproductive systems that they need for basic tasks: nutrition, movement, reproduction.
As you move up the hierarchy, the number of systems and their organs, functions increases. So, for example, the musculoskeletal system of the worms is represented by several muscles, when in mammals it has turned into a complex system with a skeleton, muscles and tendons. In birds, it is complemented by wings, in fish, by fins.
The sensory organs are common to many animals, they are represented by the mechanisms of vision, smell, hearing, taste, balance. They help navigate in space, guard against danger, communicate, recognize food and other objects.
Special animal organs
The way of life and the living environment of living organisms is reflected in their external and internal structure. Some have formed specific organs that distinguish them from representatives of other groups of animals.
In small depressions on the head of snakes are receptors that are responsible for the recognition of heat. Thanks to them, reptiles can easily find warm-blooded prey even in complete darkness. The creeping lifestyle also developed their ability to feel vibrations much more subtle than other animals.
The glands that weave the web can be considered special organs. A similar tool is only in arachnids and leg-footed centipedes. With the help of a web animals build holes, catch food, make cocoons for eggs.
Fish have a number of specific organs. Many of them use gills for breathing, and fins for swimming. Bone fish have a swim bladder, which allows them to be at the required depth, while not sinking to the bottom and not floating up.
Human organs
A person in the animal hierarchy belongs to the class of Mammals and the order of Primates. The systems of its organs are the same as in all vertebrates. And the functions and structure of the body are largely similar to mammals. The closest to the modern kind of people - Homo sapiens - are African chimpanzees and gorillas. With them, we do not match less than 10% of the genes.
Nevertheless, the organizational structure of a person differs from monkeys. For example, one of our main organs - the spine, has a curved shape in the form of the letter S, having deflections in the neck and lower back. The pelvic bone is more dilated than that of our “next of kin”, and the arms and legs are more elongated.
The thumb on the man’s hand is completely opposed to others, but on his feet this sign has disappeared. In monkeys, it is still present. As a result of upright posture, the location of some muscles and tendons in our body is different. The brain is significantly larger than the same organ in chimpanzees. But the hair (these are also organs) we have less.
Conclusion
Bodies represent part of a coherent structure or system. Each of them performs certain tasks and functions. The term is used in several meanings. It can denote both a governing body in a commercial, public or state system, as well as a part of the body of a living organism.