“Dubrovsky” is a work based on a case that is quite characteristic of the legal proceedings of that time. And adventure motifs were inspired by Pushkin by Schiller's "Robbers." But the essay on the novel "Dubrovsky" affects, first of all, topics such as revenge and forgiveness, justice and equality.
Nashchokin's story
Situations in which the more influential and wealthy landowners, taking advantage of their opportunities, oppressed the poor neighbors in every possible way, in Pushkin’s times they often developed. In the judicial sphere arbitrariness reigned. The landowner could rob even the estate that was due to him by law from the poorer. A similar incident occurred with a certain Ostrovsky.
As a result of a dishonest lawsuit, he lost everything he had. However, he did not give up, did not give up. He organized a robber gang, the participants of which sought justice in their own way. This story was told to Pushkin by a friend Nashchokin. She also formed the basis of the work. The composition of the novel "Dubrovsky" may be called "Condemnation of arbitrariness."
Honor and dishonor
This motive is the main one. The defense of the human personality in Dubrovsky is an essay that should begin with an image of the disgusting picture of landlord life, where despotism is combined with sucker, indifference to human suffering - with corruption. And against this background, several images stand out clearly, and above all, the main character, by whose name the work is named.
An innate nobility or a long stay away from home played a role in the formation of the personality of Dubrovsky Jr., but landlord self-rule and a slave-owning worldview are completely alien to him. Even Vladimir's father, one of the best representatives of the nobility, possesses these negative qualities. Not surprisingly, after all, such a worldview was handed down from generation to generation. In order to think differently, one of the representatives of this social stratum of society needs to be divorced from this world, to form their views away from it.
Oddly enough, quite often the flip side of the coin of despotism is servility and cringing. A man who is able to humiliate another is ready for his own humiliation. Of course, if this is carried out will be the one who is higher in social and material significance.
Such a way of thinking was disgusting to Vladimir Dubrovsky. He could always defend his honor. But he considered it below his dignity to humiliate another person, whoever he was: a nobleman, an official, a peasant. Dubrovsky is an example of aristocracy, an example of a Russian nobleman. Such, unfortunately, were few. Perhaps that’s why this social layer was destroyed.
Troekurov
The composition of the novel "Dubrovsky" can not get around the image of the landowner-tyrant. After all, his permissiveness entailed the key events of the novel.
There are always many guests in the Troekurov house. But not all of them are here of their own free will. Troekurov treats them almost the same way as his serfs. This man is spoiled, perverted and incredibly conceited. However, it is worthwhile to give him his due - in his soul there is something, if not noble, that is capable of appreciating and respecting nobleness. It was not in vain that for a long time the only person to whom he was respectful was his neighbor from Kistenevka. The composition of the novel "Dubrovsky" can reveal the complex inner world of this Russian gentleman, whose outrages were guilty, first of all, of his sneaks. There would have been more landowners like Andrei Dubrovsky in the okrug, and could not have realized all their conceited plans of the Troyekurov. And therefore, it would not be corrupted.
Masha Troekurova
Ever since Vladimir returned to his native home and found out about the insult inflicted on his father by the neighbor's gentleman, a desire to take revenge settled in his soul. About how he hatched his plan, the author does not tell. Pushkin created this work in a clear realistic spirit, without unnecessary descriptions and digressions. But some episodes are enough, and the reader becomes clear about the spiritual world in which Dubrovsky stayed after the death of his father.
A literature work based on the Dubrovsky novel can be devoted to the lyrical motive of this work. The romantic theme here is closely related to revenge and the desire to protect their honor. No matter how strong they were, after meeting with Masha Vladimir refuses them. He no longer wants to mend Troekurov evil.
Other characters
A full-fledged essay can be devoted to the answer to the question of why Vladimir refused revenge. The heroes of the novel "Dubrovsky" are a rather complex system of images. In the center of the story is the son of the Kistenevsky master. Opposing him creates a noble society. But there is also a background - Kistenevsky serfs and peasants of Troekurov. However, setting himself the goal of revenge and showing a certain rigidity, Dubrovsky treats a simple peasant with unusual respect for a landowner. This does not mean love for the working people, but about education and nobility.