Karaganda is the administrative center of the Karaganda region. Now it is a city of Kazakhstan, but at one time it was very important for the Soviet Union. Scientists flocked here, professional architects built the city. Now the city is in 3rd place in importance in the republic.
Where is Karaganda located
Geographic coordinates of Karaganda: 49.8 degrees north latitude and 73.1 degrees east longitude. The territory where Karaganda is located on the map is represented by a hilly plain, this area is designated as the Kazakh small hills. The city is located in the central part of Kazakhstan.
general information
The economy of Karaganda, as well as city formation, are associated with mining. Because the Karaganda coal basin and, accordingly, the area where Karaganda is located, is replete with “black gold”. The extraction of a fuel-significant resource here is the main industry, at one time in the city was the inscription "Coal is bread." In addition, there is a transport hub, rail and road intersect. There is also an international airport. Therefore, Karaganda is in third place in importance in Kazakhstan.
The area of Karaganda is approximately 550 square kilometers. The city has two districts: October and Kazybek bi.
Governing bodies: city maslikhat and akimat.
The beginning of the history of Karaganda
As far back as the 19th century, there were no settlements on the site where Karaganda is located; in general, for a nomadic people, settled life is not characteristic. The history of this settlement begins with the fact that supposedly in 1833 a young shepherd finds a piece of coal here. The year 1856 was marked by the fact that mining of these minerals began in these places. In 1882, the territory became part of Russia. First, the Russian merchants were engaged in mining, who found deposits of copper and lead-silver ore here, then the French and English appeared. Residents of the nearest villages worked at the mines. In addition, Spassky smelter worked here.
During the Civil War, work at mines was suspended, mines were idle from 1917 to 1930. In 1930, coal mining became intensive again, and temporary housing was built for workers who came here to work. The area has become very significant since the Soviet Union needed fuel. The Karaganda coal basin was in third place after the Kuzbass and Donbass. In Soviet times, this place was even called the "Third Stoker." The fuel produced here was supplied to the Urals. Therefore, a railway appeared. In 1931, small settlements, where Karaganda is located, gradually become a small mining town. Several villages were combined into one large Karaganda village.
City construction and further fate
Good architects and designers worked on the design of the new city. From 1934 to 1938, Muscovites developed a master plan of the city in the place where Karaganda is located. In Russia (RSFR) several similar cities have already been built. A. I. Kuznetsov, a prominent architect and urban planner, supervised all these works. It was planned that Karaganda will accommodate 300 thousand people. The status of the city of Karaganda received in 1936, February 10, at that time it was already the administrative center of the region, in which 166 thousand people lived. For comparison, in 1934 there were only 15 thousand. Over the next time, the population grew, and construction work was periodically carried out. During the Great Patriotic War, the importance of the city grew even more, since the Soviet state lost the Donbass during the war.
1983 - a circus was built, which became the most modern (at that time) and a beautiful building of the city and region.
During the collapse of the USSR, a crisis occurred in Karaganda, as in other cities of Kazakhstan. Many Russian and German specialists left. Industry has fallen into disrepair. But with the start of the new millennium, construction resumed. The streets are being restored, buildings are being reconstructed. Shopping centers and parks appear. Ethnopark was built, in which the landscape of the whole Karaganda region was reproduced. A monument dedicated to the famous phrase "Where? Where? In Karaganda" was built.
The origin of the name is most likely associated with a bush growing in these places - caragan, in other words, yellow acacia. The inhabitants of this city there is another version. Karaganda - "kara kandy", translated as black blood. Probably, the coal found here was associated among locals with gore.
Karaganda camps
Two camps ALZHIR and Karlag left their mark on the history of the whole city. In Soviet times, they included some artists and luminaries of science. Therefore, including thanks to these camps, cultural life is developing in Karaganda.
Slaves held concerts and other events. Artists participated in various design works. They even performed ballet in Karlag. The people who were deported chose to stay in the city and made an invaluable contribution to the culture of Karaganda. In addition, prisoners of war from Germany and Japan participated in the construction of the city.
Nature
G. Karaganda is surrounded by hilly plains of the Kazakh small hills.
The sharply continental climate is characterized by harsh and long winters with snowstorms and snowstorms. Summer is very dry and hot, so that all the vegetation in the area burns out.
Population
Karaganda is a multinational city with 113 peoples living here. Basically, the city has two religions: Islam and Orthodoxy.
In terms of population Karaganda leads among other cities of the region. And takes the fourth place in all of Kazakhstan. The population in Karaganda is 457.1 thousand people.