In modern children, delays in the development of speech, impaired pronunciation or a complete lack of speaking with normal development of the speech apparatus are increasingly being diagnosed. Apparently, the forms of communication between children and parents have changed, the number of personal communication has decreased, the possibility of obtaining information through technical means has increased: TV, computer, radio. At the same time, the kids do not see the pattern of sound formation and the pronunciation technique, therefore, it takes more time to develop the ability to speak than before.
In order for the development of the speech of preschool children to occur in accordance with the norm, one should already speak with him during the period of gestation of the child, read aloud rhythmic everyday rhymes and sing lullabies. Clinical psychologists proved that the child begins to perceive sounds from four months of intrauterine development, and the mother’s singing develops his hearing, calms, creates a situation of “dialogue”, but so far without words from the child. The baby can react with movement or, conversely, by calming the mother’s voice. In addition, a passive dictionary is laid down, which in the future will be claimed and will activate the development of speech of preschool children when their speech apparatus is ready for speaking. Consider this in more detail.
The development of speech of preschoolers is a continuous process, therefore, after birth, parents can accompany their interaction with the child with verdicts for washing, combing, walking and taking walks in addition to everyday communication. They are pronounced clearly. Mom leans over the baby so that he sees her face, lips, tongue when speaking. You can see how the baby, even without sounds, is trying to copy his mother's lips. This is how speech training, strengthening the muscles of the speech apparatus.
The development of speech of preschool children begins with the first word games in which movement is combined with the word. The game of “frogs”, “magpie-white-sided” or “boy-finger” helps to remember the meaning of the word, and the frequent reproduction of the poetic text helps the child to repeat it over and over in larger volumes. The stimulus for pronunciation is the positive emotions of the child, which he experiences during the game.
The development of speech of preschool children, as well as its improvement, can be traced by the number of words spoken by the child, as well as by his ability to build phrases, sentences, ask meaningful questions. If by the year a child uses only 8-10 of the simplest words in speech, then by the age of one and a half the vocabulary increases to 40, and the baby begins to ask, pointing to the subject: "What is this?" At the age of three, the vocabulary increases dramatically and reaches a thousand words that the baby does not yet pronounce correctly, and sounds are often skipped or distorted. By the age of five, a preschooler, as a rule, clearly pronounces all the sounds of his native language, builds complex sentences, his speech is like a short story, and his vocabulary reaches 2500 words that a child can use in different cases, with prepositions.
The development of speech in kindergarten takes place not only in the classes organized by the teacher, but in the free communication of the kids, when they organize story games, play theatrical performances. First of all, folklore works are selected as the basis of games and dramas: nursery rhymes with a short plot, petals familiar from early childhood when parents played with the fingers and palms of the baby, as well as simple fairy tales: “Kolobok”, “Teremok”, “Chicken” Ryaba "and others.
Small folklore forms are simple, rhythmic and understandable to children. Selected in accordance with age, they serve as a means for perception and training of speech. They can be used in a large assortment by both parents and caregivers at any time: in the classroom, when preparing for bedtime, and when committing everyday activities.