What is the program “21st Century. Primary School"? Feedback from teachers working on it is very mixed. Some are convinced that this particular technique is necessary for the harmonious development of the personality of a modern child, while other teachers categorically do not accept this option of teaching and educating the younger generation.
Program features
The foundations of developmental education laid down in this project are the result of many years of research and research by a large and friendly team of specialists from the Center for Primary School of ISMO (Institute of Secondary Education of the Russian Academy of Education). In addition, some employees of the Russian Academy of Education took an active part in the development. Textbooks for grade 1 were created under the guidance of N. F. Vinogradov, professor, doctor of pedagogical sciences, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education.
Prerequisites for creating a new methodology
Before such a theory appeared, dozens of educators and psychologists worked hard on it. GEF Program “Elementary School. 21st Century ”was developed on the basis of the theory of L. S. Vygotsky. It reflected the methods of developing education of D. B. Elkonin, A. V. Zaporozhets, V. V. Davydov. The program has elements of the concept of a promising primary school proposed by N.F. Vinogradova, A.M. Pyshkalo.
The main idea of the CMC
Why is the program “21st Century. Primary School"? Feedback from teachers using this training kit suggests that it offers several ways to modernize modern primary education, reveals new approaches to the goal, the main content of the material. This method of education and training of primary school children in a regular school has been successfully tested. The team of authors working on the creation of the teaching materials has also developed special textbooks for the 1st grade.
Features of the methodological kit
In addition to books for students, the authors of the program also created special books for elementary school teachers. Special notebooks of an elementary school of the 21st century were also published. A separate publication for teachers published both methodological recommendations and classroom planning for each academic discipline. How is the program “21st Century. Primary School?" Reviews of parents whose children have already completed her training are mostly positive. They note that it was much easier for the guys to adapt in the middle link, they did not have problems with their studies.
Options UMK
Full-fledged teaching kit “Elementary school of the 21st century. The world around us ”includes a book edited by N. F. Vinogradov, as well as a special workbook on this subject. Also in the CMD there is an ABC book created by Evdokimova O. A., Zhurova L. E. The tasks for the 1st grade in mathematics collected by V. N. Rudnitskaya have interesting contents, clear questions. When they are fulfilled, their children learn to think, think logically, and choose the right option from several proposed ones. Literacy and reading training is carried out according to the textbook “Literary reading”, offered by L. Efrosinina. All manuals that are included in this teaching kit are approved (recommended) for use by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. If the tasks for the 1st grade in mathematics are based on the development of logic, then in a subject such as technology, attention is paid to the formation of practical skills.
Features of the CMC
The methodology contains the main principle of modern education: an elementary school seems to be nature-friendly. Features of the learning process are that at this age, the main need of students is communication, productive activity. These features were taken into account by the authors of the methodology, they clearly defined what a 2nd grade student should be able to do. The individual and typological features of the cognitive activity of schoolchildren were taken into account, the level of their socialization was determined. How the 21st Century Program is being implemented in Russian schools Primary School"? Feedback from teachers, parents confirm the timeliness of the implementation of this methodology, its effectiveness.
Adaptation period
Psychologists have noted the importance of the adaptation period for first graders. It is thanks to this time that first-graders, depending on the degree of readiness to study at school, move without any problems from the preschool period to a busy school life. The authors of this methodological set emphasized precisely the development of integrated educational disciplines offered to first-graders in the first half of the year. The logical tasks that the guys solve help them study the surrounding nature, learn the basics of literacy. The subject “World around”, in addition to educational functions, provides a soft adaptation of yesterday's babies to a new type of activity.
Such integration, which allows you to take into account the schoolchildren’s complex perception of a given age of nature, is replaced over time with special differentiated courses. The logical tasks offered to first-graders in the second half of the year help to form a full-fledged picture of the surrounding reality among schoolchildren. This trend is taken as the basis for the construction of the discipline "The World around us" in grades 2-4. Course "Elementary School. 21st Century ”(Grade 2) is aimed at solving one of the priority tasks of modern primary education - the formation of the main components of educational activity. Such an idea of constructing the learning process for elementary school students was proposed by developing theorists. The authors of the set "Elementary school. 21st Century ”set ourselves the task of creating the methodology of this educational option for Russian schools, regardless of the location of the educational institution, or the level of training of the teaching staff.
GEF in elementary school
The new federal state standards created for the initial level of education introduced a reading standard in grade 1. It is determined taking into account the fact that the authors of the CMC paid primary attention to the application of the modeling activities of elementary school students. The authors have created a special system of games with the rules, thanks to which the qualities and skills necessary and important for the learning process are developed. The structure and content of the funds used to achieve the goals reflect innovative approaches to the formation of evaluative and controlling activities of younger students. CMD suggests a special section called “Test yourself,” as well as tasks such as “find errors,” “compare your answer with the text.”
New trends in elementary school
Updating the content of teaching and upbringing in a Russian elementary school involves a gradual transition from reproductive and instructive activities to search, research and project work. The training kit, successfully used in almost all modern Russian educational institutions, does not imply the students mastering the role of a simple “listener”, but transferring them to the “researcher” function. Now first-graders do not just carefully listen to their mentor, memorize material, reproduce it during the lesson, they are full-fledged objects of educational activity.
The child is interested in finding answers to his questions, in order to acquire new knowledge on his own. Before starting any new task, the student sets a hypothesis, that is, expresses his assumptions on the material under consideration. Already in the first grade, the student is looking for his own algorithm of actions, enters into a scientific discussion with classmates, a teacher-mentor. The teacher no longer sets tasks for the children at the beginning of cognitive activity, each student has a real opportunity to independently "discover" scientific material for himself, to conduct a full-fledged own research.
The authors of the analyzed educational-methodical set also set such a task as increasing the attention of teachers and parents to the creative work of schoolchildren. It implies the independence and initiative of each child. In order to cope with this serious problem in practice, teachers offer to increase the importance of problem-based learning and devote a lot of time to developing students' independence. Gradually, with the physiological growth of children, it is also expected to increase the complexity of tasks designed for students.
Creative activity in children is enhanced by the improvement of such a mental process as imagination. This training methodology involves the use of a role-playing system . It is thanks to them that students have the opportunity to develop different facets of behavior, to form creativity and imagination in every child. The relevance and feasibility of conducting role-playing games at the initial stage of training is confirmed by practice, therefore, such activity has become an obligatory structural element of the subject "The World around us" in grades 1-2. The textbook has a special section called "Journey into the Past", which involves stimulating the creative activities of children.
The specifics of the “21st century school”
The authors of this kit paid special attention to the opportunities for each child to show their individuality. In all teaching aids proposed by the authors of the methodology, material is supposed to allow the teacher to take into account the success and own pace of the baby, the level of his intellectual development. Textbooks included in this program suggest the availability of additional educational content. Thanks to this, a very high culturological, eruditional background of training is created. In the new realities, the child is no longer required to perfectly know certain educational material, while he is given the right to develop his educational trajectory. This approach of the authors contributed to the development and implementation of innovative approaches to the modern differentiation of primary education.
Now the teacher provides targeted support, taking into account the different level of the class team. Special developmental and corrective workbooks, which were specially developed for all academic disciplines, give the teacher the opportunity to abandon the classic version of the work, focused on the "middle" student. Now he can direct his professional activities to focused work with younger students, taking into account the level of success, the capabilities of each child.
UMK offers a painstaking system of work for an elementary school teacher, which is associated with the elimination of all the causes of difficulties encountered by children in the study of various school subjects. The teaching materials are presented at the teaching materials department, there is a diagnostic system for students of each class, with its help the teacher tracks the growth dynamics of their students, and also monitors the success of the assimilation of new knowledge and skills. The authors of the new methodological program paid special attention to the formation of a positive emotional atmosphere in the education of primary schoolchildren, as well as the development of their independence and educational initiative.
The teaching methodology is designed so that every elementary school student gets the right to make mistakes, self-assess their own work, and analyze learning outcomes. The program has a certain section “Test yourself” for children, and for the teacher there are special recommendations for organizing control over the work of schoolchildren. Each item included in the updated program has its own purpose.
The analyzed educational-methodical kit “Elementary School of the 21st Century” was appreciated by the National Training Foundation. The program became a participant and winner of a serious competition related to the creation of new generation teaching aids for educational institutions. The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, having carefully studied all the materials, praised this technique. UMK received public recognition, became the owner of various government and industry awards. So, in 2001, this kit was recognized as the winner of the nomination “Textbook of the 21st Century”. The program was awarded the 14th Oscar at the 14th Moscow Book International Fair. In 2002, the “School of the 21st Century” received a prestigious presidential award in the educational field.
Reviews on the set "Elementary School of the 21st Century"
Teachers who have gone through all the steps of this program say that it is quite interesting and innovative. Teachers note its developing character, the presence of multilevel logical tasks in teaching aids. Among the features of this program, the integrated courses offered to first-graders in the first half are of interest. For example, traditional subjects aimed at teaching writing, and mathematics are integrated into the course "Diploma". The children master the learning skills in mathematics and their native language. Parents are worried if this program will not be too complicated for their kids.
Conclusion
The analyzed program for elementary school devotes special attention to conducting a variety of diagnostics of students. The teacher, thanks to such actions, better understands the problems of his pupils, looks for ways to correct them, chooses differentiated work in the lesson, helps the child build an individual educational trajectory. The student gets the opportunity to remove the accumulated stress, since the diagnostic work does not have the usual scoring system. UMK "Elementary school of the 21st century" involves the implementation of the basic principle of modern education - taking into account the age characteristics of children.
The popularity of this kit is confirmed by the fact that in almost all regions of the Russian Federation primary school teachers work on such a program. Teachers who have chosen teaching materials respond positively to it. Among its differences from other programs designed for elementary school, let us single out the construction of a system of pedagogical diagnostics from first to fourth grade. This project is aimed primarily at the harmonious development of the student, his successful education. In this regard, particular importance is given to systematic diagnostics, thanks to which the teacher monitors the individual characteristics of the wards, carries out a differentiated approach to each pupil.
Pedagogical diagnosis allows the teacher at the initial stage to identify the readiness of the student to learn. Further, the mentor can understand what level the child has acquired skills, whether successful shifts have occurred. Based on the data received, the teacher decides to move forward or to repeat the training material. In the process of such diagnostics, it is not so much knowledge that is tested as a way to solve a specific educational problem. The advantages of such a diagnosis are that the guys feel more free, do not depend on the grades. When conducting such studies regularly from the first to the fourth grade, a clear picture of the intellectual and creative growth of each child is formed in the teacher. This makes it possible for the mentor to come to the aid of the student in time, to attract parents.
Despite the difficulties associated with the introduction of a new program at the initial stage of training, its effectiveness and efficiency have been confirmed by time. Reviews about this pedagogical methodology are mostly positive, as it is based on an individual approach to children, the differentiation of the educational process. In connection with the transition of modern Russian education to new state educational standards, the relevance and relevance of educational methods, involving the cooperation of a student and teacher, is increasing.