Such a concept as the motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren is necessary to explain the activities and behavior of the child. This is an urgent problem in theoretical and practical terms. It occupies a central place in pedagogy and pedagogical psychology.
Becoming a position in life
When a child enters school, his attitude to life changes. Teaching is a leading activity. A schoolboy learns about new rights, obligations, a system of relations. The educational motivation of primary school students consists of several elements. In the process of work, needs, goals, attitudes, feelings of duty, interests arise. Motives can be inside the school and beyond: cognitive and social. For example, a social factor when a child wants to graduate with honors.
The first group includes cognitive motives, where students learn new knowledge. Educational and cognitive will help to acquire knowledge. Self-education is aimed at self-improvement.
The formation of motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren occurs at the moment when the influence of social motives occurs. Students receive knowledge that helps to be useful and necessary for society, their homeland. The child seeks to take a certain position, a place in relation to others. During social cooperation, there is interaction with other people, an analysis of the ways and forms of their cooperation.
Features and characteristics of activities
It is important to pay attention to some factors of educational motivation of primary school students. In the first grade, children yearn for knowledge; they like to learn. By the end of elementary school, the number of such children is reduced to 38-45%. In some situations, it becomes negative. The motives associated with the surrounding adults dominate: “Like a teacher”, “So Mom wants it.”
Gradually, this approach is changing, children do not want to perform school duties. They do not make efforts, do not try. The teacher loses authority. The child more often listens to the opinion of a peer. The formation of collective relations. Emotional well-being depends on what place the student occupies in it.
The formation of educational motivation in primary schoolchildren occurs under the influence of several factors:
- It is necessary to choose the right training material.
- Organize activities in the lesson.
- Choose collective forms of activity.
- Suggest options for evaluation and reflection.
With healthy motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren, students are drawn up. By 8-9 years, students are selective in relation to individual subjects. Motivation is manifested in a positive and negative way. It is important to consider the formation and influence of factors. It matters age, personality characteristics.
Ways of formation: what to look for
For the formation of educational motivation in elementary schoolchildren to take place, it is necessary to instill in schoolchildren ideals and images. The first method is called top-down movement. It is represented by a system of moral education. Pupils identify their behavior with the motives that society provides. Use the second method in which the student is involved in various activities. So get experience of moral behavior. Motives become real.
For development, various methods of motivating younger students to learning activities are used. However, not all of them for a long time hold the desire to work in the classroom, to receive knowledge. The student must have a positive attitude towards learning. For this to happen, the teacher must know what students like to do in the classroom, which causes positive emotions.
One example of the motivation for learning activities of younger students is the creation of conditions in which students are ready to overcome obstacles. They will be able to test their own strengths and abilities.
The main tasks of increasing the educational motivation of primary school children are:
- Mastering the methods of study and formation.
- Studying age features.
- The introduction of methods that increase the desire for knowledge.
- Extracurricular activities.
- Creation of a bank of our own developments.
- Generalization and dissemination of good practices.
In the formation of the motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren, the ability to make sense appears. Relevance is determined by the fact that the teacher creates the prerequisites. Subsequently, by the end of school, motivation takes a certain form.
What methods are considered effective
The choice of methods for the formation of motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren consists in their use. Such an approach will help to avoid an indifferent attitude to learning, and come to a conscious and responsible. The object is all the components of the motivational sphere, the ability to learn.
Subsequently, a positive motivation is formed. If initially motivations arise in disorder, they are characterized by impulsiveness and instability, with maturity they become mature. Separate motives come out in the first place, creating an individual personality. It includes the holistic internal position of the student.
The pedagogical essence of the motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren is determined by the time they arrive at school. At this stage, inclusion in a new activity takes place, an internal position is formed. It is important for the student and adults. There is a desire to go to school, carry a briefcase. Student observations show that other children, who are less satisfied with the time they are in school, receive an assessment of the impact. However, the growth of culture, television, the Internet increases the objective assessment of what is happening.
Important points: positive and negative sides
An important point in the relevance of the motivation for the educational activities of younger students is considered a favorable attitude towards school. Here, children become inquisitive, their interests expand, they show interest in environmental phenomena, take part in creative games, and lose stories. They help to realize social interests, emotionality, empathy.
Briefly about the motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren, it is necessary to say about curiosity. The favorable conditions are openness, credulity, the perception of the teacher as the main person, the desire to listen and perform tasks. There is a strengthening of the motives of duty and responsibility.
Among the negative aspects in the development of motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren, the following characteristics are distinguished:
- Often ineffective methods that cannot sustain activity for a long time.
- Instability, situationality, fading of the desire to receive knowledge without the support of a teacher.
- The student cannot give an exact definition of what arouses interest in the subject.
- There is no interest in overcoming difficulties in the educational process.
All this leads to a formal and careless attitude towards school.
Performance depending on factors used
Diagnostics of the motivation for learning activities of primary schoolchildren allows us to identify some key points. At first, schoolchildren are predominantly interested in writing letters and numbers, in getting marks, and only later - in gaining knowledge. Cognitive motives go from some factors to principles and patterns.
By the age of 8, schoolchildren pay more attention to drawing, modeling, solving problems, but do not like to retell, memorize poems. Interest is shown in tasks where independence and initiative can be shown. Among the features of the educational motivation of primary school students is the willingness to accept the goals set by the teacher. Students independently build a logical chain of important tasks that must be performed in a certain sequence. They call the stages of solving problems, determine the properties of goals. Weak targeting leads to a lack of attention in the lesson. They note failure in the lessons, unwillingness to learn, to acquire new knowledge.
The development of motivation for educational activities of primary schoolchildren is closely related to the emotional sphere. She will be positive when getting good grades. Students are impressionable, direct in the manifestation and expression of emotions. They are reactive, quickly switch. As you grow older, there are changes in the direction of content and sustainability.
The motivation of educational and cognitive activities of younger students is being rebuilt. Subsequently satisfied, grows into a new type of relationship, takes on mature forms. There is an interest in new knowledge, patterns. The formation of new levels is necessary for quick adaptation in high school.
Formation of motivation: which way to go
To increase the level of educational motivation of primary schoolchildren, it is necessary to accustom them to systematic and hard work. The student must learn new knowledge, master various methods of action, comprehend the observed objects. Educational activities should make sense, become an important goal in the life of every child. He should not simply fulfill the desire of his parents to bring home good marks.
Among the features of motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren are the use of adequate educational material. Only the presentation of information by the teacher, reading it in the textbook does not lead to any activity. It should completely match what the student wants to know. Subsequently, the material is subjected to mental and emotional processing. Not every motivation suits every student. It is necessary to select exercises that provide food for mental function, memory, thinking and imagination. The emotional sphere includes new impressions, positive and negative moments.
The teacher develops thematic plans, lesson plans, selects illustrative material that students need. Information should be available to students, to provide an opportunity to show their life experience. At the same time, the material is selected complex and difficult so that it satisfies their needs in the development of mental functions and vivid emotions.
Tasks to motivate the learning activities of younger students should form a desire and desire to learn. They should not be light, as students lose interest. New knowledge will show that the student knew little before. Studied objects are shown from a new perspective. Each lesson is designed to solve a serious problem. Thus, the formation of motivation aimed at the content of the lesson.
Ways to organize lessons
In studying the motivation for the educational activities of primary schoolchildren and its types, educational material will be needed. In order for its assimilation to be effective, all parts and their ratio are important. The result is the quality of training, developmental and educational factors. Success is guaranteed in the presence of goals aimed at mastering the material. The teacher must properly organize activities, determine the nature and structure of the lesson.
It is important to teach students to study their own section or topic. To do this, follow these steps:
- Motivational.
- Cognitive.
- Reflective evaluative.
At the first stage, students realize why they need certain knowledge. Students are told about the main task, what exactly will have to be studied. Under the guidance of a teacher, they find out whether there is enough already existing knowledge, what needs to be done to solve the task.
Stages of the lesson: setting goals, objectives and ways to solve them
Among the examples of motivation for educational activities of primary schoolchildren at this stage there are several points. Create an educational-problematic situation, with the help of which students are introduced into the subject of study. For this, the teacher selects several techniques, depending on the individual characteristics of the children. Together they formulate the main task, discuss problems and solutions.
With the help of an educational task, they show a guideline to which students direct their activities. Everyone sets a goal. The result is a system of private tasks that constantly maintain a motivational tone. It is important to bring students to an independent statement of the problem and the ability to find several solutions.
With the right approach, students know how to control their activities. After setting the training task, understanding and accepting it, the students discuss which points to follow in order to obtain a positive result. The teacher will indicate the time and date until the completion of the process. This will create clarity and understanding of what needs to be done. Then they report what knowledge will be needed to study the topic. So each student will be able to evaluate their work on their own. Some students are offered tasks that will help fill in the gaps, repeat the learned rules. After that, they proceed to acquire new knowledge.
At the cognitive stage, they master the topic, master the learning activities. It is important to apply such techniques that will allow students to give the maximum amount of knowledge for their clear understanding and solving the educational problem.
Through modeling, understanding of a new topic becomes conscious. Students clearly visualize which plan to follow in order to gain new knowledge. The teacher with the help of visual material and certain actions shows what needs to be remembered and performed to obtain a result. So students gain experience in creative activity and thinking.
At the final reflective-evaluative stage, students analyze their own activities. Everyone gives self-esteem, compares the results of their activities with educational tasks. Organization of work is designed to ensure that students receive emotional satisfaction. They should be glad that they have overcome difficulties. This subsequently affects the desire to learn, receive knowledge, apply it in the lessons and in everyday life.
Formation of motivation: statement of the problem and ways to solve it
For a positive effect, it is necessary to create problem situations. This will allow you to influence the desire to listen to the lesson in the process of implementing activities. As soon as the student begins to act, motives arise and develop. The process should be interesting, cause joy.
All students have a need for thinking, understanding what is happening around. It is important to remember that in order to develop thinking, it is necessary to select and dose the material correctly. Perception by the senses makes it neutral, so it does not cause a desire to act.
In the lower grades, the teacher does not ask a question, but offers to move on to practical work. A task or story will not help to cause a problem situation. After the student begins to act, you can ask a question.
The student’s motivation is as important as an accessible presentation of the educational material, the organization of search activities. All methods arouse interest in the content of educational material, form a positive motivation.
The need for team learning
In lessons, it is important to use group work. This makes the learning process effective. The formation of motivation occurs only when included in the activity. It is group methods that involve all students in the work. Even weak schoolchildren do the job.
In order for the formation of motivation to take place in a positive way, the student must be the subject of the process. He should feel that he is personally organized for each student, and the goals and objectives are his own.
The teacher organizes a personality-role approach. Then each student will fulfill his role. He will be able to become an assistant teacher, oppose him, advise other students. Roles are performed over time. The teacher is the organizer and leader.
Using various forms of interaction in the lesson allows you to differentiate activities. Then the tasks will be feasible for each student. , .
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If the subject is of interest to the student, he improves his academic performance. When studying the indicator, subjective attitude to the mark is taken into account. There is no data collection method, the main role is played by psychological analysis. Motivation for learning activities is a basic concept that explains the driving forces of behavior and activity. The system determines the future development perspective.
The influence of external factors
When the time comes for the child to become not a preschooler, but a younger schoolchild, the child’s internal attitude and objective state of affairs change. Subjective readiness for school appears. The motivational sphere is being rebuilt. The orientation in the cognitive and social sphere is changing, concretization appears. The student seeks to attend school, mature motives appear.
After conducting pedagogical and psychological studies, it was revealed that younger students have a large supply of knowledge for the formation of the motivational sphere. The learning process throughout the school period depends on this time. The teacher needs to use all the methods in one system, so that together they helped in the formation of motivation. Observe an individual approach, as some methods will help one student, but do not affect another. Taken together, methods are an effective means to form a desire to learn.
The main task of the teacher remains the use of methods that cause curiosity. And it is the cause of cognitive interest. To do this, create a situation of success, giving tasks based on old knowledge. The lesson should have a friendly atmosphere of trust and cooperation. On reflection they value themselves, the activities of others. Use the questions: “What did we learn?”, “Why was it difficult?”
During the lesson, the teacher creates a situation of knowledge deficit, so that students can independently determine goals. Students are given the right to choose using multilevel assignments. Training material is correlated with a specific life situation.
The cognitive block forms a learning task. The student can independently select it in the lesson. He masters new methods of educational activity, self-control, self-esteem. The guys like the unusual form of presentation. There should be cooperation in the lesson to solve problems together and resolve contradictions. Heuristic conversation, discussion, classification, generalization will help.
To attract to the evaluation activities using reflective rulers, reviews of the response of others. Stimulate schoolchildren by appreciation, gratitude, verbal encouragement, an exhibition of the best works.
There is more than one motive to encourage learning activities. A whole system is needed in which all motives are connected. Only in this way will the teacher be able to achieve results, and students will be happy to receive knowledge in the classroom.