The beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in any conditions is a triple intake of Safar, which ensures the flow of air into the respiratory tract of the victim. This technique has already saved many lives, and its value is invaluable.
Why is breathing so important?
Without oxygen, a person’s life is interrupted for several minutes. The greatest danger of oxygen starvation is for brain cells. After 3-5 minutes of lack of breathing, it is possible to restore the basic vital functions, but the brain dies irrevocably during this time, and with it everything that makes up the human person - memory, perception, speech, emotions and thinking.
That is why every person must master the triple reception of Safar, because no one is safe from accidents and disasters. The actions of someone who was near at a critical moment can save or interrupt a life hanging in the balance. A person who is in a state of clinical death has taken no more than 5 minutes to go to another world or return to this nature.
The history of resuscitation
Resuscitation as a science has been taking its toll since the 50s of the last century. Until that time, attempts to revive a person were unsystematic in nature, and only isolated cases ended in success. The success of earlier resuscitation can only be explained by a successful combination of circumstances, and not by thoughtful step-by-step actions. All that was used earlier - compression of the chest, pulling on the tongue, sudden cooling and other methods, either brought success or not. From the second half of the last century, the triple reception of Safar became mandatory first for physicians, and then for every adult.
This technique is named after the Austrian doctor Peter Safar, who is considered the "father" of resuscitation medicine worldwide. The development of this crucial science of saving lives has been made possible by the success of anesthesiology. Quenching pain, resuming breathing and palpitations became the foundation on which all the world achievements of medicine could rely. After decades, this technique does not become less relevant. Diagnostic and treatment methods are changing, but every recovery in any country begins with this particular technique.
How is Safar taken
It is fully performed only when there is no damage to the spine in the cervical spine. Before you begin to perform a rescue technique, you must remove visible foreign bodies and vomit from the mouth and nose.
The recognized method of initiating resuscitation or triple taking Safar is as follows:
- The head of a person lying on a hard surface is thrown back.
- Hands open mouth.
- The lower jaw extends.
These sequential actions open the airways, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation becomes possible. The triple intake of Safar on the airways includes not only the opening of the path for air, but also giving the body position necessary for revitalizing. If people who happen to be near people begin to recover, then doctors arriving later do not change the position of the victim’s body, but continue their work until the result.
Why is the sequence of actions just such
In case of traumatic shock, acute pain of a different origin, a heart or lung infarction, as well as in other emergency conditions, a person loses consciousness and falls. All his muscles relax. This also applies to the muscles of the pharynx. The root of the tongue relaxes and adheres to the back of the larynx, which is never the case in a healthy person. The sunken root of the tongue blocks the entrance to the trachea, and oxygen ceases to flow into the lungs. If the heart continues to beat, then just taking Safar opens the airways, and a person can recover spontaneously. When the head is thrown back, the tissues between the lower jaw and the larynx are stretched, and the root of the tongue moves away from the back wall of the pharynx. The extension of the lower jaw increases the clearance for air even more. Even if the cardiac activity has ceased, it is still an opportunity for further revitalization of a person.
Subtleties of the reception
There are several nuances you need to know. First of all, taking Safar is performed only in the supine position of the victim. Unfasten clothes, loosen belts and fasteners. We need to loosen everything on the chest. If there are removable dentures, they are removed.
It is necessary to lay a person on a hard surface, it is easiest to lay on the floor or asphalt. In winter, it is advisable to put a blanket if it is and time allows, but this is not necessary. Then you need to kneel on the side of the victim, closer to the head. The palm of one hand is placed under the neck and raised as high as possible. The other hand is placed on the forehead and pressed on the head. These two movements should make the victim’s mouth wide open. If the mouth is well opened, the reception is performed correctly.
How to extend the lower jaw
Given that the triple method of Safar is used for further resuscitation, the jaw should always be put forward. After the victim’s mouth has opened, both open palms should be shifted to the forehead so that the thumbs are on it. The palms at the same time cover the corners of the lower jaw. The jaw needs to be pushed forward until the lower teeth move one level with the upper ones or even stand slightly in front of them. If the mouth is still not wide enough, then the thumb and forefinger fold crosswise and open the jaws. In this case, the index fingers press on the upper teeth, and the big ones on the lower.
The jaw can be extended and otherwise - press the forehead with one hand, and enter the thumb of the other hand into the oral cavity and pull it well. The thumb is best wrapped with a cloth to prevent injury.
What to do if you can’t throw back your head
If you suspect a fracture of the cervical spine, the head should not be thrown back in any case. Any movement in the area of ​​the fracture may worsen the condition. But since the triple reception of Safar is necessary for resuscitation, you can limit yourself only to the extension of the jaw. It is necessary to pay attention to the position of the language. If it is not possible to fully open the mouth, then the tongue is simply held by hand in a protruded position. You can use an S-shaped tube or other resuscitation equipment.
Who can use Safar's technique
Any person who has completed short courses or training. Today, they use Safar’s technique in medicine directly in intensive care units, during rescue operations and any disasters. Policemen, volunteers, social activists and other people far from medicine are sure to study this technique. This technique should be known to every parent and in general every adult. This is especially true for drivers. Everyone who drives a vehicle can witness a traffic accident at any time. If a person lost consciousness and does not show signs of life, the countdown of his earthly time went by seconds. In order to prolong his life, it is enough to perform a few simple steps.
What to do after jaw extension
Triple reception Safar includes only the release of the respiratory tract, and then you need to start the actual resuscitation. First of all, you need to pinch your nose with your fingers and blow air into the lungs - at least with your mouth. The chest should expand. If, after the rescuer exhales, the victim’s chest does not expand, this means that there is a foreign body in the air. It is necessary to carefully examine the oral cavity again and remove everything that interferes - mucus, vomit or foreign objects. It is enough to wipe the oral cavity with any tissue. After that, usually air begins to pass. Having completed the exhalation, the rescuer unclenches his fingers on his nose so that the air passively exits.
The triple reception of Safar is a matter of a few seconds, and then the lifeguard should do 12 injections per minute, so the natural breath is replaced. At the same time, you need to do an indirect heart massage, replacing its work. The uniqueness of manual resuscitation is that you can replace breathing and heartbeat for a very long time. Medicine knows cases where rescuers breathed for an injured person for about an hour, and after that the person not only survived, but also completely retained a sound mind and all other functions.
Which victims can use the rescue technique
At all, the triple reception of Safar is intended for adults and for children. In adults with a broken jaw, air is blown into the nose, and in children, due to the small size of the face, air is blown into the mouth and nose at the same time. The mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration is poeticly called the “kiss of life”, and it fully justifies its name.
It is advisable for each adult to undergo training on a mannequin or simulator so as not to get confused in a critical situation. Actions need to be worked out to automatism, then minor details do not distract from the main thing. A trained person acts confidently and calmly, and this is one of the most important conditions for saving lives. The reception of Safar, the evidence for which is extensive, is mastered by firefighters, police and rescue workers in the first place. This is an integral part of their functional responsibilities.