The work of the teacher in the school requires careful planning of their activities and the work of students. This allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of training for a certain period.
The essence and goals of planning
The work of the teacher implies the development of well-regulated activities for the formation of students' knowledge, abilities and skills. Plans are the foundation of the goal-setting function of education. Management of the learning process is carried out precisely through the preparation of guidelines. The work plan is a diagram of the order of actions of teachers, the director and his deputy, which are aimed at improving the effectiveness of pedagogical activity, student performance, forecasting the work of the school as a whole. In addition, it provides an opportunity to identify the main methods of work in the classroom. The work plan expresses the frequency of conducting classroom and extracurricular activities, individual lessons, competitions and contests. Thus, this is the purpose of the pedagogical process, expressed in writing.
The main goals of planning:
- Formation of learning objectives.
- Statement of the problems of the educational process.
- Prospects for pedagogical activities of the school.
- Further training of employees of educational institutions.
- Formation of a base for social protection of students and teachers.
- Identification of the effectiveness of the educational process.
Identification of training prospects
The plan for the year demonstrates the main tasks that the educational institution sets itself. It expresses the development prospects of students of different age groups. Plans are an opportunity to predict personnel changes and restructuring, introduce innovations, increase the level of equipment of classrooms, and the professionalism of teachers.
The basis for identifying prospects lies with standards and laws in the field of education, information in this industry, obtained through monitoring and analysis. To make a plan, you need a clear goal, coordination of actions in the teaching staff, among parents and students. You need to know the budget for expenses.
The plan is the advice of the school or other educational institution. It is approved at a general meeting. Guided in the formation of the plan is necessary chronological framework, tasks, cash resources.
Educational institution development
The school development plan aims to increase the level of knowledge of students using the latest teaching methods and tools. It is based on the modern doctrine of education, pedagogical standards.
The main objectives of development planning are:
- Orientation to innovations in pedagogy.
- The formation of values among students: moral, spiritual, civil.
- Raising a sense of responsibility, independence, initiative, duty.
- As part of the development plan, teachers should implement the latest methods of education and upbringing of schoolchildren, technologies for maintaining health, set specific goals, guided by the doctrine of personality-oriented learning.
- The school administration is responsible for providing means of obtaining knowledge and skills, for methods and technologies, and for the qualifications of teaching staff. The main task is to systematize the regulatory framework of the educational process.
The results of development planning should be: increasing the level of knowledge and skills of students, creating conditions for the development of the personality of the student, the introduction of innovative technologies.
Long term planning
The main classification criteria are time frames. Thus, there are two fundamental types: long-term and short-term.
The goal of the first is to develop guidelines for the long term. The main temporary unit is the school year. What is being discussed?
- How to enroll in school.
- Organization of work with parents.
- Collaboration with medical and higher educational institutions.
- How to develop the personality of children through extracurricular activities.
What is the value of long-term planning? It reflects the global challenges of the school and its staff. Extensive goals imply significant consequences, so this type of planning should be approached responsibly.
Short term planning
Short-term planning is more narrowly focused. It is focused not on the educational process in general, but on the personality of each student. If we take an example of a plan, then we will see in it the prescribed needs of various age groups, specific children. For example, it is envisaged to work with specific students individually. The purpose of such classes is to increase the level of knowledge of the student, taking into account the peculiarities of his perception, memory, attention.
The unit of time in short-term planning is a school day, week, quarter, lesson. Take into account the age group of students, external conditions (climate, weather, season), the state of a particular student, the goals set.
The summer work plan allows you to think out classes for students outside the classroom: these are both recreational and recreational activities.
Thematic Planning
It is implemented on the basis of a curriculum approved by the Ministry of Education. Calendar-thematic planning - the development of a scheme for the study of a particular discipline throughout the school year, semester, quarter. At the state level, provisions have been developed that govern its rules.
The thematic plan provides for a certain amount of time and effort to study the course, setting goals and problems. It spells out the key skills that a student should master. Plans are structured documents according to which each topic should be studied over a specified number of hours. The teacher draws up this directive, and at the end of the course he has the opportunity to determine the level of achievement of educational and developmental goals.
The task of the school administration is to monitor the implementation of the plan, which, in addition to the topic and time, indicates study aids for study. Plans are a way to identify learning tools and how to use them in a lesson.
Hourly planning
The smallest unit in planning is a guide to action for each lesson. The objectives of the lesson, learning tools, type of lesson and its main milestones, learning outcomes are determined.
The lesson plan should correspond to the training program in the subject, as well as the thematic plan. Its value is that the teacher has the opportunity to distribute time by topic. What to be guided by? Firstly, the program. Secondly, the complexity of the topic. Some problems require more detailed study and more time. Thirdly, the individual characteristics of the perception of students of a particular class.
What are the learning goals?
The concept of a triune goal is fundamental here:
- Cognitive. It determines the level, quantity and quality of knowledge that the student must master in the lesson. These are skills. Knowledge should be fundamental, deep, meaningful. For example, in the course of history teaching, lesson planning includes a list of dates, historical personalities, concepts that a student should master in the course of mastering knowledge on the topic.
- Educational. Since the formation of personality is one of the tasks of the school, lesson planning determines what qualities of character should be inculcated in the student. For example, patriotism, respect for comrades, a sense of duty, tolerance.
- Developing - the most difficult. It requires a comprehensive development of the student: sensory, mental, motor, speech and more.
The goal should not only be spelled out in the plan. It is necessary to check the quality of the results achieved at the end of the lesson. If the teacher has not carried out quality control of mastering the material - knowledge and skills - such a lesson cannot be considered effective.
What are the lessons?
Planning involves determining the type of lesson. What are they like? The main classification criterion is the goal. Depending on it, there are lessons:
- Gaining knowledge of what has not been studied before. The methods used by the teacher depend on the age of the audience, a specific topic.
- Mastering skills is a lesson in which new types of work are tested. For example, laboratory or practical.
- Systematization and consolidation of knowledge - consolidation of previously learned.
- Quality control learned. Simply put, the test work, but the forms of its implementation can be different - oral or written, individual or frontal.
- Combined - a lesson that provides for the study of new and consolidation of old material.
The latter type is found most often - several didactic tasks can be set and solved.
They acquire new knowledge through lectures, discussions, the use of technical training tools, and independent work. The formation or consolidation of skills can be carried out during the tour, laboratory work, seminar. Systematization and control of knowledge include written control and independent work, surveys of the frontal or individual types.
Each type has a specific structure, which is determined by the objectives of the lesson. Observing the learning objectives and acting according to the plan, it is possible to give material more efficiently, and it will be easier for schoolchildren to assimilate it.
How to make a lesson plan?
Plans are the need for a teacher. They will have to be compiled - but this is not a formal need. Thanks to the plan, the work will become easier, because you can think through all the little things in advance.
Here is an example of a lesson plan in history on the theme of World War II.
Cognitive goal: students must learn the concepts of “blitzkrieg”, “offensive operation”, “Anti-Hitler coalition”, “forcing” and key dates.
Educational: the formation of a sense of patriotism, respect for the heroism of war heroes.
Developing: consolidate the ability to use a historical map, operate on terms and concepts, substantiate your thoughts, work with chronology, synchronize events.
Learning tools: map, textbooks, test book.
Type of lesson: combined.
During the classes
1. Greetings from students.
2. Updating of supporting knowledge (by the method of conversation with the class):
- What was the domestic political situation in Germany at the end of the 30s of the XX century? And in the USSR?
- Describe the system of international relations. What organizations were formed? What was the state of the Versailles-Washington system?
- Which countries can you name leaders for 1939 and why?
3. The study of new material according to plan:
- German attack on Poland.
- Aggression against the USSR.
- The initial stage of the war.
- Years of turning point: Stalingrad and Kursk.
- Interception of a strategic initiative. USSR goes on the offensive. The liberation of the territories.
- Japanese campaign.
- The consequences of hostilities.
4. Consolidation of acquired knowledge - a written survey method is used. Tests on tests from a special notebook-problem book.
5. Results (homework, grading).
Instead of a conclusion
Proper planning of educational activities at school is the key to high-quality, strong knowledge of students. It makes it possible to determine the level of training of students. Planning is the key to the successful fulfillment of the goal-setting function of education. The main source of compiling the plan is the curriculum - with its help, lesson-based, thematic, annual directives of educational activity are formed.