Computer technology in the modern world has become a part of the life of people in the information post-industrial society. This became possible due to the fact that in the beginning of the 21st century, computer facilities began to develop rapidly. The consequence of this was an increase in the amount of available information accumulated by society. In addition, people have gained the opportunity to use a large number of communication channels precisely thanks to computers. These communications can be found almost everywhere today. They became common equipment in the subway and in stores, in state and commercial organizations, in everyday life and on the street. Computer technologies have found their application in education and science, in production, in medicine and other areas of society.
Basic concept
The word "technology" in Greek means "skill, mastery, art." All these concepts mean certain processes, which are a set of any actions performed in order to achieve the goal. All of them are implemented through a strategy chosen by a person and are implemented using a combination of various methods and tools.
Information technology also means a certain process. In its implementation, a set of methods and means is used to collect, further process, and also to transmit data. All these actions are carried out in order to obtain qualitatively new information about the process, phenomenon or condition of the object.
The purpose of such technologies is to produce information so that it can be analyzed by humans. Only on the basis of the data obtained can a decision be made in the future to carry out an action.
In modern society, the emphasis of significance and attention is shifted from financial, labor, natural, material, that is, traditional types of resources to information. The latter, of course, have always existed. But they were never considered as an economic or any other category. The information resources of society are the knowledge that people have prepared for social use and recorded on any material medium. To date, IT on its historical path managed to go through several stages. The change in each of them was determined by the development of scientific and technological progress, as well as the emergence of new tools used to process information.
PC role
Modern man is actively working with a personal computer. He serves as the main means for him, allowing to process the necessary information. The emergence of PCs had a significant impact on the concept of building technological processes, as well as on their use. All this led to an increase in the quality of the resulting information.
The introduction of a personal computer in modern life was a new stage in the development of IT. As a result, another word has joined the name of this technology. It became known as the computer. This quite clearly specifies this concept. It becomes clear that a person uses a computer as the main technical tool for implementing information technology. And at present, such a direction is a priority. For example, we see the widespread use of computer technology in science and education. They find application in other areas of society.
PC in education
The goal of creating computers is to make life easier for people. However, sometimes working with computer technology causes a lot of problems for a person. That is why modern education is faced with the task of adapting students and teachers to life in an information society. But not only that. A modern person should be able to correctly use computer technology for work. Only in this case will his labor activity become as productive and creative as possible.
The use of modern computer technology in education is a very urgent task. Its implementation becomes important in the context of increasing complexity of production processes and dynamically changing life.
The education system existing in modern society faces a number of problems. They are fundamentally new for learning and consist in the need to increase the availability of knowledge and their quality. How to complete this task? This is possible only if the most optimal systems are developed and used for education, as well as a stronger link between the different levels of knowledge. You can solve these problems in various ways. The most effective of these will be the use of computer technology in education.
The relevance of CT
The emergence of computer technology in education has allowed us to create a qualitatively new learning environment. It became the basis for the development, as well as the modernization of the existing system.
Today, computer technologies in education are at the key positions of almost all stages of knowledge acquisition. Moreover, they perform several functions simultaneously. So, computer technologies in education are tools, as well as objects of cognition. That is why their use provides a revolutionary development of the training system. Belonging to the class of innovation, they allow you to quickly accumulate intellectual potential, which in the future will become a guarantee of sustainable development of society.
CT efficiency
At all times, the system of obtaining knowledge could be considered advanced if it was based on the latest achievements of the scientific and technological sphere. Of course, the effectiveness of the educational process can be called into question if the teacher uses outdated methods and scientific and educational data. Indeed, every year there is an increase in the amount of information received by a person. Moreover, it increasingly exerts its influence on the development of science, culture and the acquisition of knowledge.
Today, the use of computer technology in education has become an objective reality. Using the electronic form of receiving, storing, as well as transmitting and processing information, as well as online access to data via the Internet, can significantly increase the efficiency of a person.
The use of computer technology in education is especially important for the creation of illustrated teaching tools, as well as the implementation of their didactic capabilities. Such forms of visualization serve not only to supplement verbal information. They themselves are its bearer, which helps to strengthen the mental activity of students. The graphics and tables provided by computer technologies in education, audio-visual tools, diagrams, etc., are elements of electronic and printed educational materials. Moreover, they play a significant role in the development of cognitive and intellectual activity of students.
It is advisable to apply information and computer technologies in education due to the fact that they allow you to effectively implement such didactic principles as activity, consciousness, visibility, accessibility, etc.
CT Features
Modern computer technologies in education allow:
- to carry out the rational organization of cognitive activity;
- raise the level of the process of obtaining knowledge, making it as efficient as possible by involving all types of sensory perception of children;
- gain and consolidate professional skills;
- increase the student’s motivation to acquire knowledge and the level of his self-education;
- provide more knowledge;
- develop creative and intellectual abilities;
- teach you to work with a variety of sources of information;
- to implement advanced educational trends;
- gain access to a single global information space.
Computer technologies are also used in special education. They allow you to engage in the learning process those categories of students who have different abilities and learning styles.
With the use of computer technology in education, it becomes possible to build an open system for acquiring knowledge. At the same time, pedagogical techniques are being improved. Thus, education using CT makes the system more flexible. This is due to the automation of most routine processes. At the same time, learning more actively begins to respond to those changes that are taking place in the surrounding world.
For educators, information and computer technologies in education are associated with the possibilities of using the intellectual form of labor. The teacher is exempted from the presentation of a large amount of educational material. At the same time, the student not only better learns the subject, but also learns to master the skills acquired by him.
CT Trends
How are computer technologies used in education? Today, there are two trends in this direction. One of them is a personalization of the learning process, and the second is its technologicalization.
The first of these two trends involves maintaining feedback, that is, the contact between the teacher and the student using the technique. The second is a significant expansion of the audience of students.
When personalizing, the student is an active participant in receiving and transmitting information. But technologization, in which large-scale educational electronic moments are considered, limits the student's role only to the consumption of material and its assimilation.
Both the one and the other approach find their use in full-time study. However, when using computer technologies in the field of education, these concepts turn into a completely different quality, gaining a new life. For example, lecture material for students can be heard not only within the walls of an educational institution. You can find it in any other place where there are digital communication channels and related devices. In this case, the usual presentation of the training course changes to an electronic material presentation system, where the main text is often supplemented by articles and notes, allowing to gain in-depth knowledge.
CT and early childhood education
Today, we can confidently say that information and computer technology has firmly entered almost all spheres of human life. They also touched on the educational process that takes place in the preschool educational institution. The main goal of introducing computer technology in preschool education is to create a unified information space in such an institution, which allows creating links between the administration, teachers, children and their parents.
CT tools provide tremendous help to the educator. They allow him to diversify the educational process and improve the quality of his work with parents of children.
Computer technologies in the education system used in the DOE allow the teacher to feel more comfortable in constantly changing conditions. After all, one who knows the techniques of CT is able to create electronic didactic resources, and also acquires the ability to model and plan classes in such a way as to most effectively solve educational problems, as well as increase the motivation and cognitive activity of children. In addition, computer technology in preschool education and self-education are things inextricably linked. After all, CT helps babies actively explore the world without using the help of an adult.
All methods of teaching children in preschool educational institutions can be divided into two groups, namely, according to the source of knowledge, as well as on the principle of cognitive activity. The first of these two areas involves the use of:
- Demonstrations. This method is used to visualize the studied processes, phenomena and objects that are known to preschoolers.
- Of illustrations. Using this method, the teacher shows his pupils the phenomena, processes and objects themselves in drawings or photographs, that is, in their symbolic image.
- Practical methods. They are aimed at the formation of skills. These include exercises. They allow children to develop speech, attention, memory, cognitive abilities, personal skills and develop skills for their use. An example of the use of new computer technologies in education is the use of the Paint editor. In it you can create and edit drawings.
The second direction, which involves the use of cognitive activity, involves the use of the following teaching methods:
- Explanatory and illustrative. It involves the submission of verbal explanations with the simultaneous use of visibility.
- Problematic presentation. This method involves the independent work of children.
- Partially search engine. When using it, preschoolers solve the tasks together with the teacher.
- Didactic computer games.
What method will the teacher choose? Everything will depend on the capabilities of children and their psychophysiological as well as age characteristics. From among the computer technologies in the field of education used in DOW, the following can be applied:
- electronic presentations for children;
- software multimedia tools;
- electronic encyclopedias;
- didactic computer games.
The teacher can use Microsoft Power Point to create slide shows and presentations. Such a product is effective as a didactic and visual material.
CT and music education
In our country there is a young, but at the same time very dynamically developing field of knowledge. These are musical and computer technologies located at the junction between art and technology. They provide a person with the opportunity to constantly improve in creativity and learn his new facets.
Musical-computer technologies in music education are often present in modern preschool educational institutions. They allow to reveal to a greater extent the didactic and pedagogical functions of educational methods and realize their potential capabilities.
In general, the most common way to use information technology is to use multimedia training tools. Computer programs help develop musical ear, listen to the works of composers, arrange, improvise and edit instrumental text. Using a PC, you can play tunes with the "orchestra" and conduct their musical auditory analysis. A computer can also be used as a means of notating the content of a musical work.
The modern kindergarten is not far behind the requirements of the time. It also uses a computer, which allows the child to form an artistic taste and develop his creative potential, which will contribute to the harmonious development of the personality as a whole.
Using a computer makes educational activities not only modern, but also attractive, while realizing the individualization of learning. In addition, with the help of a PC, the teacher is able to timely monitor the work done and take stock.
Examples of the use of computer technology in music classes at a preschool educational institution are:
- theatrical games;
- noisy tales;
- finger and speech games;
- gatherings.
Thanks to the use of computer technology, holidays, mornings and entertainment in the kindergarten are interesting, colorful and vibrant. This allows kids to acquire the ability to listen to music and understand it. In addition, they develop memory, attention and a sense of rhythm, they begin to show themselves in the game, in singing, theatrical performances. The use of such means makes the process of teaching a child the most effective, opening up new horizons for music education for both children and teachers.
CT and school education
Using information technology allows you to change the methods and forms of academic work, making them as effective as possible. However, this is not all the advantages of this area.The use of computer technology at school can significantly enrich the educational process, making changes to some fundamental skills. For example, in primary school, this is the ability to write and read.
Computer technologies at school are necessary for students to gain the ability to navigate in the multimedia environment and in information flows, as well as create hypermedia objects. A modern person needs to be taught to write and read in relation to the new information space.
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The concept of computer technology in education is quite extensive. In addition to the PC, a similar direction involves the use of other technical means. Such, for example, are multimedia projectors and interactive whiteboards. These tools allow you to increase the effectiveness of students learning when using information visualization. Among the main possibilities of using a PC in education is:
- work with training programs;
- performing a variety of mathematical calculations;
- modeling of certain processes;
- search for the necessary information.
Often, in the process of teaching in a modern school, a teacher uses a multimedia projector. It is a technical tool that projects various images from a video source onto a large screen. Such a projector enables the teacher:
- use various computer applications;
- Show students videos
- demonstrate presentations;
- use to submit material to the Internet.
A multimedia projector significantly increases the level of visibility of the educational process.
Teachers in modern schools also use graph projectors. They represent the technical means projecting on the screen code programs created in the standard A4 format. Such a projector is used to demonstrate the dynamics of optical and wave phenomena, as well as chemical reactions.
Often in the classes of a modern school you can see a slide projector. It is also a technical tool of computer technology, but at the same time projects static information on the screen, accurately conveying all the colors. In such devices, for greater clarity of the material, there is an automatic adjustment of the focus of sharpness of the output image.
An interactive whiteboard can be distinguished from the most modern equipment of schools. It is a touch screen that is attached to a computer. The image given out by the PC is transmitted using a multimedia projector. The work of the interactive whiteboard is carried out only after installing special software on the computer. Only in this case, the screen will begin to respond to user actions.
Writing on an interactive whiteboard is done using special markers. When they touch the surface of the screen, a signal is sent to the computer. After that, the software allows you to perform the required actions.
Among modern computer resources used in the education system, the following:
- Electronic libraries. They allow you to organize access to information resources of the Internet. Digital libraries are cataloged systems with the help of which the necessary information is stored, processed, distributed and analyzed. Such resources are a new stage in the development of conventional libraries.
- Webinars Such resources make it possible to obtain distance education, which is becoming more and more popular among our compatriots. The use of these information and computer technologies enables people to study and to participate in various conferences without leaving the walls of their homes.
- Electronic magazines and diaries. Such computer technology systems are a single information environment that allows teachers, students and their parents to interact effectively with each other. The appearance of electronic journals and diaries is due to the rapid development of computer technology. Such a system allows you to quickly find out grades and homework, analyze the attendance and academic performance of children, monitor the implementation of the pedagogical and educational load, view the electronic schedule.
Computer technologies in education and science of pedagogy allow students to master the information culture, which is one of the components of the highest manifestation of education. But their use in the learning process should not be confused with the automation of its various aspects, as well as with the simple transfer of information to magnetic media. It is possible to say that new computer technologies are used in the learning process only when:
- they correspond to the basic principles of pedagogical work, that is, they include preliminary design, have reproducibility, integrity, goal-setting and consistency;
- tasks that for one reason or another have not been previously resolved;
- they serve as a means of preparing information, as well as transmitting it to the student using a computer.
Thus, the competent use of these technologies in the learning process contributes to the development of students' creative and theoretical thinking, and also helps to integrate learning activities.