Anatomy is a science that studies the structure of man. The human body is a rather complex system, one of the mechanisms of which is the brain. What is the structure and function of the brain, is described in this article.
The brain is the main department and organ of the central nervous system. It is located in the cranial cavity. It is the skull that protects it from mechanical damage. Above the brain is covered with membranes that contain a huge number of blood vessels. An adult has a brain weighing about 1100-1600 grams.
The human brain is divided into three departments or three main parts: the front, middle and back.
The posterior part of the brain includes the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the bridge.
The anterior section contains the brain, which is called the intermediate, and the cerebral hemispheres.
All parts of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, make up the brain stem. Inside the trunk and two large hemispheres are cavities with fluid. Conductors in the form of white matter are a component of the brain. They combine all parts of this organ and the gray matter that is inside and represents the nucleus. They cover the entire surface of both hemispheres, as well as the cerebellum, thereby forming the cortex.
This is what the brain consists of, the structure and functions of which have long been studied. What is the purpose of its departments.
Consider the medulla oblongata, it can be called an extension of the spinal cord. It consists of nuclei that control some functions of the body. They depend on respiration, digestion and heart function. The nuclei of the medulla oblongata consist of digestive reflexes (swallowing, separation of the juice of the stomach and salivation.) They also contain protective reflexes of the person (vomiting, sneezing, coughing.) The nuclei are the centers of respiration, the vasomotor center and the center of cardiac activity.
The bridge is a follower of the medulla oblongata. This is a conductor that connects the middle and forebrain with the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. This is due to the nerve bundles located in this part of the brain. The bridge also contains the nuclei of nerves (facial, auditory and trigeminal).
The structure and function of the brain is a very complex and vital area of human anatomy.
Now consider the cerebellum. It is located in the back of the head, behind the medulla oblongata and the bridge. His task is to coordinate movements, keep the body in balance and maintain posture.
What is the midbrain? It is located between the fore and hindbrain and combines them. Its functions include tone control, which should be possessed by human muscles. It also contains nuclei of auditory and visual reflexes.
Let us further consider the structure and functions of the brain.
In front of the midbrain is the diencephalon. Impulses from human receptors are delivered here. And so he is responsible for the sensations. Parts of the diencephalon organize the coordinated work of internal organs. In addition, they are responsible for metabolism, blood pressure, homeostasis, respiration and human body temperature.
And finally, the cerebral hemispheres. This is the largest part, and therefore the structure and functions of the brain will not be complete without a description of this department. Both hemispheres have a crust-covered surface. Their central part contains white matter and nuclei, which are composed of gray matter, or the so-called neurons. The bark has folds, which significantly increases the surface. It is here that the centers responsible for memory, speech, thinking, vision, hearing, taste, movement and sensitivity of the skin and muscles are located. The bark is responsible and controls the activities and work of each body.
We examined the structure and function of the brain. The table, which is used in theoretical classes, gives more visual information. But this article will allow you to replenish your knowledge about the structure of the brain and the functions that it performs.