There were times in the ancient history of the planet when the entire surface of the Earth was covered by water masses. In these endless spaces, the first life once arose in the form of unicellular creatures. Then the continents stood out from the water (although in ancient times they had a completely different appearance than today). The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and land led to the emergence of life forms from the aquatic environment, their development and diversity. And in the end - the appearance on Earth of higher mammals and humans.
The value of the oceans
In the life of the entire planet as a single organism, the ocean masses perform the most important tasks. The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and land is determined by some physical properties of water, which tend to absorb much more heat than land. Water heats up more slowly, but it can retain heat for a long time. Thus, more than two thirds of all heat received from the Sun is absorbed by water masses. And just ten centimeters of water on the surface contains much more heat than atmospheric layers. It is no accident that the oceans are called the accumulator of thermal energy on a planetary scale. The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and land is expressed primarily in the fact that it supplies moisture to the air, which then feeds the Earth’s land in the form of precipitation. Thus, a global water cycle is achieved , without which life on the planet would be a big question (at least on the land part).
Salt exchange
The interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere affects the "metabolism" on a planetary scale. What does it consist of? Let's take a closer look. So, we found out that the world's oceans saturate the atmosphere with moisture and then saturates the land with sediments. But at the same time with this moisture (during evaporation and spraying with the help of winds) in the air are salts, which are full of ocean water. Transformed into aerosols (the smallest particles suspended in the atmosphere), these salts are part of the precipitation falling to the ground.
Moisture and heat exchange
The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and land can be described by the following scheme. Cold air masses are heated over the warm layers of the ocean, and warm air, on the contrary, cools over the cold. The heat stored in the ocean (and moisture) goes into the near atmosphere. Above the surface of the oceans, special marine air masses form. They radically differ from the continental ones in increased humidity and temperature variation. These temperature features (their difference) contribute to the difference in atmospheric pressure and facilitate the movement of air masses from the ocean to the continents. That is why the coast is always a special, mild, "marine" climate.
Winds and currents
A striking example of interaction is monsoons, special seasonal winds. They form on the border of water and land and strongly affect the climatic conditions of the continents.
Currents in the oceans (for example, the Gulf Stream), as a result of interaction, also perform one of the most important tasks. They carry huge amounts of heat (more than is transmitted through the air) from equatorial to temperate and even polar latitudes, providing energy and a kind of “heating” of the Earth.
Hydrosphere: the interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere
The hydrosphere is the water shell of the planet. It includes all types of waters on Earth: the oceans, underground, surface continental. Their total volume reaches more than one and a half million cubic kilometers with a mass exceeding the mass of the atmosphere by hundreds of times. Of these, oceanic waters occupy the largest part - over 95%. It is believed that the hydrosphere first appeared and life began to develop. And only in the Paleozoic, animals and plants began to get to land.
Life in the ocean
The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and land determines the diversity of life forms in the oceans. A great variety of living creatures is born and develops in it: from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals on the planet - giant whales. The ocean is a storehouse of food supplies for all of humanity. Mammals, fish, and algae and plankton are harvested here. And from sea gifts they get not only food, but also medicines for diseases.