Separation of participles and participles

The opinions of linguists about what participles are are divided. Some believe that it refers to a special form of the verb, others suggest that this is an independent part of speech. We will support the second option.

The participle is an independent part of speech. It contains the signs of an adverb and a verb, shows when, why, and how the action is performed by the verb-predicate, it has an additional effect. If the participle in the sentence is not lonely, but has words that depend on it, then this set of words is called the participle phrase. The article will tell about how and when the isolation of the participles in the sentence is made.

What is isolation?

In Russian, the concept of isolation is a way of clarifying and highlighting a specific set of words in a sentence. Only members of the proposal that are secondary can isolate themselves, which is why they differ from non-separate members. Separation is necessary so that the reader can more accurately understand the described picture of the ongoing action. Not only lonely standing participles can isolate themselves, but also participle revolutions.

Examples of solitary adverbs

If a separate circumstance does not have dependent words in the sentence, then it is called a solitary participle. When writing a sentence, this part of the speech is always highlighted with commas on both sides.

The location of the participle in the sentence can be any. Here are examples of the correct allocation of single germs with commas:

1. Looking up, she could not utter a word.
2. When I returned, I found my sister at home.
3. Without training, you cannot succeed in sports.

Accordingly, the following participles were highlighted with a comma:

• looking up;
• returning;
• without training.

On the letter you can find several recurring germs. They are called homogeneous. Moreover, they are separated by commas and separated by this punctuation mark as separate parts of speech. Examples of such offers:

1. Laughing, singing and spinning, Natasha hurried on her first date.
2. Chuckling and winking, Pasha closed the door.
3. She was silent, angry, but cowardly.

Homogeneous participles in a sentence can relate to different predicates. For example: Playing and laughing, she, inspired, rushed towards her dreams.

Comma Highlights

Separation of single germs takes place in the following cases:

1. If the participle plays the role of the second predicate in the sentence. Keeps the meaning of the verb. Indicates a condition, reason or duration of action, but not its image. Running away, Marina lost her handbag. After the holiday, the guests parted, not calm down.
2. If you can verify the sentence in your mind by replacing the participle with a verb, or from a simple sentence make it difficult. When Marina ran away, she rubbed her purse. The guests after the holiday, although they did not calm down, but left.

Separation of single germs does not occur if:

1. A single participle has lost the meaning of verb or has a close relationship with the predicate. Masha ran into the room without knocking. Eugene climbed down from the tree silently and slowly.
2. If the participles are circumstances of the mode of action and they cannot be replaced by verbs. Eugene cried silently and in no hurry.
3. If a single participle can be replaced by a noun. Masha ran into the room without knocking.

Separation of solitary accidents depending on their location in the proposal

Separation of participles may not occur if they are at the beginning or end of the sentence, but in the middle they are separated by commas. Compare the two sentences:

1. Tanya tried on slippers slowly.
2. On the way, slowly, Tanya admired the flowers.

In the first sentence, separating the participle with commas is not done, since it is represented by the circumstance of the mode of action. It can be replaced with the word - "leisurely."

In the second sentence, the participle is a circumstance of the reason ("because I was in no hurry").

How is the participle turnover formed?

If the sentence contains a part of speech that answers the questions “what have you done?”, “What have you done?” and called adverbial participle, with dependent words, this set of words is usually called adverbial turnover.

In a sentence, this revolution always performs the function of circumstance and refers to the verb, as it indicates an additional action. Additional actions are performed by the same person, phenomenon or object that performs the main actions.

Examples of participle revolutions

Separation of participles and participles is carried out regardless of where they stand in relation to the verb-predicate. For instance:

1. Dark clouds walked all day in the sky, now opening the sun, then closing it again.
2. Walking next to her mother, the baby looked at her in surprise and bewitched.
3. Joy, bringing happiness to some people, gave others inescapable grief.
4. I watched the sun rise without taking my eyes off.
5. The kid, following his mother’s hand, made the same movements.

What needs to be remembered when using gerimony and geremonial turnover in a sentence?

The basic rules for using participles in writing text are as follows:

1. Expressed by a verb-predicate, the main action and the additional action, expressed by the adverbial circulation, must relate to one person, object or phenomenon.
2. Most often, the separation of circumstances expressed by the participles and participles is used when writing a one-part, definitely personal sentence, as well as with a verb in the imperative mood.
3. If the sentence is impersonal in the infinitive, then it is also possible to use the participle turnover.
4. Separation of participles and isolation of circumstances are one and the same thing, since the participle expresses a sign of circumstance in a sentence.

In which cases adverbial participles and adverbial revolutions are not separated by commas?

Separation of circumstances expressed by the adverbial participles and the participle turnover is not performed if:

1. Circumstances are connected by the union “and” with an isolated circumstance or predicate. She hated him and taking his tokens. Dasha played noisily and screaming with joy.
2. Circumstances converge with adverbs. They lose their added value and acquire the value of an attribute of action. It:

• participles, which became phraseological turns (not closing the eye, rolling up their sleeves, racking their brains, opening their mouths and others). For example: Petya worked through his sleeves. But: rolling up her sleeves, she washed her hands in the bath. It should be remembered that phraseological introductory phrases (apparently, in other words, in fact, others) are separated by a comma.
• participles that carry the main semantic load. Without them, the predicate does not fully express the idea. This part of the speech is usually after the predicate. The “adverbiality” of these participles is obvious in sentences where there is a group of homogeneous members - participles and adverbs. For example: He answered me without embarrassment and frankly . Without embarrassment , this is participle, and frankly , an adverb.

Commas in the subordinate clause that have the dependent word “which” in all its variations do not stand out with commas. He wanted to get rid of the letter, reading which he recalled his recent grief.

What should distinguish germs from

Apart from the participles, many do not think that these can be adverbs or prepositions.

The following adverbs are distinguished:

• happily ever after;
• Sneak
• joking;
• silently;
• sitting;
• standing up;
• lying and others.

The same participles with these words retain an additional effect. This occurs during the formation of the party participle and the connection with other parties. Anya rode standing. He will do this work jokingly (easily) . Adverbs are used in these sentences.

Standing on top, Anya looked down. All the way, having fun and playing, Yana did not close her mouth. In these sentences, the adverbial turnover in the first sentence and homogeneous adverbial participations in the second sentence are separated by commas.

Of the prepositions distinguish: starting with, based on. Commas are not put, since the participial part can be removed from the sentence and its meaning will not change. It has been snowing since the night (it has been falling from the night).

Separation of participles and participles: what is the difference?

The participial and participial passages perform different functions in the sentence and have their following morphological differences:

1. The participle or single participle refers to the word being defined (noun or pronoun). The participle or participle turnover is closely related to the verb-predicate. Moreover, the participle varies in numbers, genera, cases, has a full and short form, and the participle is an unchangeable word form.
2. Communion and participle perform the function of definition in a sentence, and participles and participles act as different circumstances.
3. The participles and germs are different among themselves by suffixes. The participles have such suffixes as -sh- (-yu-), -ash- (-yash) - -vsh-, -sh- in real participles and - om- (-em-), -im-- -en-, -nn-, -t- in the passive. While the participles have the following suffixes: -a-, -I-, -U-, -Uchi-, -B-, Louse-, -She-.

Rules for the separation of active participles

1. If the sentence next to the ad-participatory circulation is a union, then they are separated by a comma. Unions and allied words are not included in the turnover. For example: He smiled at a friend and, jumping over a puddle, ran home. An exception is the union "a", which faces the sacramental party. It is included in this case in circulation. For example: A person needs to understand what is the meaning of life, and having understood this, he will tell others .
2. If the sentence consists of several participles or single participles, then the commas between them are put as when listing homogeneous members of the sentence. For example: She came up, staggering and holding her friend by the shoulder with one hand, and the other she held on her belt.
3. If as part of one sentence there are several participles that relate to different predicates, then each of them is highlighted with commas. For example: Having kicked a gate, he ran out onto the road and, without paying attention to people, rushed away.
4. The participle turnover is always separated by commas on both sides.

Separation of the participles will not cause problems if you learn to correctly determine this part of speech in any sentence.

How to help the child consolidate the learned material?

After the child has studied the theoretical material, he should be invited to fix it with practical exercises.

Initially, children should verbally work with sentences and learn to find in them the participles and solitary participles. After that, students should be asked to write sentences and place punctuation marks in them . In addition, the child must explain his choice in the placement of commas.

After the children have mastered simple sentences, you can give them sentences with unions and allied words. In this case, before finding the participle or participle, the grammatical basis should be highlighted.

The task is complicated by complex compound sentences that have several grammatical foundations and homogeneous participles.