A verb is what part of speech? What is conjugation of verbs?

The part of speech that characterizes the actions and conditions of an object is a verb. What does this mean? An object does something, is in some state, or experiences it on itself.

In an indefinite form, the verb answers the questions of action: what to do? or what to do? However, in Russian, this part of speech has several morphological features, due to which the grammatical form of this part of speech can change.

Infinitus means indefinite

A verb is a speech unit from which it is possible to determine gender, time, face and other morphological characteristics. But if the verb is in the infinitive, the only sign that we can see is a perfect form or an imperfect one. The infinitive is, in other words, the indefinite or, as it is also called, the initial form of the verb. This property of this part of speech helps to understand the spelling of the endings of verbs when it comes to conjugation. You can ask questions to the infinitive what to do? (do?) It usually ends in -t (walk, saw, plant, etc.), -t (go, find, save, etc.) or -ch (guard, bake, lay down, etc.).

Verb tense

This is the ability to indicate the action or state of an object at all times: now I do, I did (did) before, then I will do (I will do). Not all verb characteristics fall into the category of tense. For example, verb forms of the perfect form are not used in the present tense. Verbs in conditional mood have neither future tense nor present, but can only be used in the past tense with a particle.

Verb mood

A verb is a part of speech that can be used in three moods.

• In the indicative mood, this part of the speech describes the actions that are currently taking place, occurred in the past or will occur in the future. Examples: I tell, I told, I will tell (I will tell) . Sometimes the verbs in the indicative mood in the position of the present, future tenses can vanish the vowel letter, which ends with the base of the infinitive: sit - sit .

• In conditional mood, a verb characterizes actions that are possible under certain conditions, or those that want to perform. Examples: I would love to tell you this story. He would honor if there were listeners. Words in the form of conditional mood are formed by attaching to the base of the infinitive of the suffix -l- plus particles would be (b) . A particle can be used after the verb, in front of it, it can also be sometimes separated from the verb in another word: The request would be expressed by a lump in the throat. I would listen carefully, then I would understand the essence.

• In the imperative mood, the verb reflects a kind of coercion. Examples: tell, sit down, read. Imperative mood can be obtained by adding to the base of the verb present or future tenses a suffix - or a zero suffix.

When forms of one mood are used in the meaning of another

In some cases, which are determined by semantic coloring, the form of one mood can use the meaning of another. Let's look at some examples.

• The indicative mood with particles let (let), but perceived as verbs of imperative mood. Examples: Long live the truth! Let the defenders of freedom say loud cheers.
• Conditional mood, conveying the meaning of the imperative: Would you, Natalia, leave these troubles.
• Imperative mood, conveying the meaning of the conditional: If I had not regretted the money then - I would have been already on the ship.
• Imperative mood, conveying the meaning of the indicative: He serve the master, and aim, and clean, and be at the beck and call.
• An indefinite form of the verb conveying the meaning of the indicative mood:
  And the queen to laugh and shrug ... (A. Pushkin); conditional: Take a pinch of native land for memory; imperative: - Forgive! Forgive - voices were heard. (M. Bulgakov.)

Types of Verb

A verb is a part of speech that can have two kinds.

• Perfect - verbs of this kind call an action, indicating its completeness or result. Examples: what did? - told (past tense); what will i do - I will tell (future tense). In the infinitive: what to do? - to tell.
• Imperfect - verbs of this kind call an action without indicating its completeness or result. Examples: what did? - told (past tense); what am i doing - telling (present); what will i do? - I will tell (future tense). In the infinitive: what to do? - to tell.

Usually the same verb can be used in both forms, but there are words that have only one form:

• only perfect - to appear, find oneself, to strike, etc .;
• only imperfect - to belong, walk around, etc.

Also in the Russian language there are the so-called two-type verbs, they can be used as words of either type. Example: A scientist recently (what did?) Clone an experimental animal. Shostakovich’s concert was broadcast on the radio while the scientist (what was he doing?) Cloned an experimental animal. Another example: The villain (what did he do?) Wounded the prince with a knife. Your words (what are they doing?) Hurt me in the heart.

Personal endings in verbs

Verb conjugation is the ability to vary in persons and numbers. There are only two of them. The conjugation rule helps us to figure out how to write the endings of the verbs used in the form of the first, second, third person, if the stress does not fall on them. It must be remembered that the second conjugation includes all the verbs that end in -in in the infinitive. There are only two exceptions - the words shave and lay down, which will refer to the first conjugation.

The first conjugation includes all other verbs. But here, too, there are exceptions that must be remembered: 7 verbs ending in the infinitive to -et and 4 verbs to -at. They are easier to remember in a rhymed form:

Drive, hold, watch and see,
breathe, hear, hate
and offend, but endure,
and depend, but twirl.

Verbs formed by the prefix method from these words-exceptions also apply to exceptions: see, catch up, lay down, hear, etc.

As we mentioned, conjugation of verbs is what makes it possible not to make a mistake in spelling unstressed endings of a verb. This is what the personal endings of the verbs in I and II conjugations look like.

What is the algorithm of actions in determining how to write the ending in the verb from the sentence “Men firewood?” Turn the verb form into indefinite: prick. It ends with - and does not apply to exceptions, which means it belongs to I conjugation. According to the table above, in the third person plural we will write the ending –yut: Men chop wood.

Another example: Wind, why rush .. you clouds to the south? We put the verb in an infinitive form - to drive, we see the ending –at. The word should refer to I conjugation, however, it is included in the group of exceptions and therefore refers to II conjugation. Consequently, in the second person singular, the verb has an ending - you see: Wind, why are you driving the clouds south?

Verb Persons

A verb is such a part of speech that can vary in persons, except when it is used in the past tense. In each of the three persons, the verb has different endings. Examples: I notice, you notice, he notices, we notice, you notice, they notice.

Verb numbers

This part of speech in all grammatical forms can be used in singular and plural. Examples: Dear guest came to us. Guests came to us.

Gender of the verb

A verb is a speech component that can change by gender in the past tense: The baby crawled on the floor (masculine). The clock hands crawled back (feminine). The insect slowly crawled along the road (middle genus).

In the present and future tenses, the gender of the verb cannot be determined: I crawl through the tunnel (gender -?). I will crawl the necessary distance (gender -?).

Transitivity

A verb is a special part of speech that has the property of transitivity.

• Transitive verbs are combined with nouns or pronouns in the form of an accusative case and without an excuse: to listen to (what?) Music, to knock together (whom?) A giraffe.
• All others belong to intransitive verbs: pay (for what?) Fare, hope (for whom?) For a friend.

Verb Pledge

This grammatical attribute reflects a situation when either the object itself performs an action or the action is performed on it. The pledge is valid (the action is performed by someone or something) and passive (the action is performed on someone or something). Examples: Sister is planting flowers (valid pledge). Flowers are planted by a sister (sufferers. Pledge).

Return

This part of speech can have a return form, which is obtained by attaching to the end of the word postfix -sya (-s) . Examples: play - play, play, break - break, break, etc.

Usually the same verb can be reflexive and irretrievable, but there are words that are always only reflexive. These include the verbs to be proud, like, lazy, doubt, etc. Examples of use: I have a dream. The kid is afraid of the dark. We all rely on reason.

Syntactic role

In the sentence, the verbs play the role of the predicate and are underlined by two features. Like the subject, the predicate refers to the main members of the sentence and together with it creates the grammatical basis of the sentence.

The verb in the infinitive can be not only a predicate, but also other members of a sentence. Examples: To love is to carry the sun in the heart (in this case, the verb to love answers the question what? And is subject). I had a dream to go to Australia (what dream? - go to Australia, here the verb plays the role of definition). I asked you to go to the store (asked about what? - to go to the store, in this sentence the verb acts as an addition). We sent my grandmother to the sanatorium to be healed (sent to the sanatorium why? - to heal, this is a goal circumstance).

Summarize

A verb is one of the independent parts of speech that characterizes the action of an object or its state. It possesses such morphological qualities as species, transitivity, conjugation, and recurrence. The verb can vary in moods, numbers, tenses, persons, and childbirths. In a sentence, usually this part of speech is predicate, and in an indefinite form it can play the role of any member of a sentence.