Unfortunately, in recent years there has been a tendency toward a decrease in literacy among schoolchildren. The reasons for this can be completely different. But, it should be noted that this is partly the fault of the teachers, since often the simplest rules are not explained as easily as they should.
Almost the most common mistake, not only in elementary, but also in high school, is a misspelled unstressed vowel in the root of the word. It causes difficulties for the most part because the children cannot yet understand that we do not always write as we say, while older children make mistakes out of habit.
Explaining to schoolchildren the rules for writing an unstressed vowel, located at the root of the word, it is worth paying attention to several points.
First, for this, children must clearly know the parts of the word and be able to distinguish them. It is not so easy to do a younger student, as it seems to adults. The main exercise for this is the selection of cognate words. However, it is worth remembering that some words similar in sound, for example, the noun "mushrooms" and the verb "rowing", have nothing in common with each other. For this, it is necessary to remember that words having one root are also similar in meaning, regardless of which part of the speech they belong to. This skill is necessary to check spelling later.
Secondly, it is important to know that an unstressed vowel at the root of a word cannot always be checked using cognate words. Such a spelling is called an unverifiable vowel and, most often, words with it have to be memorized. At the same time, the verified unstressed vowel in the root, in most cases, should not cause difficulties. More often than not, you can simply change the shape of the word so that the vowel is stressed and clearly audible.
For elementary school, this knowledge is quite enough, however, in high school, students have to face a new spelling, which tells that there is an alternating unstressed vowel in the root. In these cases, the spelling depends on several factors. For some cases (for example, lag lodges, growth), this is a consonant or a combination of consonants following the vowels. In other roots (kas-braid) it is necessary to look at the suffix, if it is represented by the prefix –a, it is written –– (touch), if by any other, the root will braid- (touch). Another important consideration when studying alternating vowels at the root will be stress. This applies to the roots of gar-, gor-; zar-, zor-; clan, clone, and others. In an unstressed position, O is written in them (for example, bow), in shock A (bow), or in some words O (bow) can.
One of the main rules for the formation of the desired skill: its constant repetition. Therefore, even after this topic has been studied (and not too many hours are devoted to it), it is worthwhile to allocate as few minutes as possible the lesson for the spelling dictation, which includes words containing an unstressed vowel in the root.
Explaining the rules, it is important to pay attention to such exceptions as words. They usually memorize, since there are not so many of them. Considering the peculiarities of the arbitrary memory of younger schoolchildren, it is recommended to use "memorization", special poems that are easy to remember, which contain the necessary words. This will allow you to quickly and easily remember exceptions in which an unstressed vowel in the root of the word is written contrary to the basic rule.
Thus, an unstressed vowel at the root of the word is one of the simplest rules, and the most common in practice, this is because this spelling can be found in any independent part of speech. The skill of writing it correctly should be formed in elementary school and stay for the rest of your life. Explaining the rules and spelling, do not forget about the age characteristics of students.