In Russia, the formation of civil society was laid during the period of "perestroika". In Russia, the president was first elected in 1991. The head of the Russian Federation has duties and rights after taking office, which he must follow.
Presidential functions
In Russia, according to the main document of the country, power belongs to the people. The people in the country are multinational. The task of the head of state is to ensure the rights of citizens of the country. It should also track the performance of duties by the judiciary, the legislative and executive branches. Whom the president of the Russian Federation appoints to various posts is prescribed in the constitution of the Russian Federation.
The President does not represent one or more of the main branches of government, he occupies a special position. But the head of state chooses the course that the country will follow. In this case, the president must be guided by the constitution.
The head represents the country within the state and beyond. He is a representative abroad and manages foreign policy. If necessary, gives orders to ensure the sovereignty of the country, because he is the supreme commander.
The head of the country forms a government or initiates his resignation. Whom the president of the Russian Federation appoints within the government depends on the interaction of the chairman of the government and the president. The Russian government is the pinnacle of the executive branch, and the head of state monitors compliance with the Russian constitution and the interaction of the three branches of government.
Constitutional Rights of the President
In Russia, the people have the right to choose a president, therefore, the head of state is responsible to the people. The head has the right to control power, but does not apply to it. The top executive in the executive branch is the government of the country, the legislative one is led by the parliament, the judicial power belongs to the supreme court. It is assumed that the head has a special power. The Russian government is appointed by the president, with the consent of the State Duma.
Independence from other branches of government leads to the situation that in the case of high treason and resignation, it is difficult to hold the head of the country accountable.
When working with the government, the president may:
- veto a government decision;
- to propose candidates for public office;
- to call parliamentary elections, including extraordinary ones;
- create decrees or other documents that may be valid until a similar law appears;
- conduct international negotiations and sign laws;
- introduce a state of emergency in the country.
President's Responsibilities
The duties of the head of state are inextricably linked with his rights. All the functions and responsibilities of the head of the country are reduced to ensuring sovereignty and interaction within the country.
The main responsibilities of the head of state include a list of who the Russian president appoints:
- the appointment of the prime minister;
- determination of the high command of the armed forces of the Russian Federation;
- appointment of supreme judge;
- proposal of bills for the decision of the State Duma;
- determination of the need for a referendum;
- appeal to the Federal Assembly with an annual appeal;
- definition of military tactics of the state;
- political asylum;
- granting citizenship of the Russian Federation;
- monitoring compliance with the Constitution.
Acts of the President of the Russian Federation
The head of state can issue two types of acts - decrees and orders. Documents are valid throughout the country. Acts cannot but comply with the basic laws of the country. The Constitution of the Russian Federation - the main document and presidential decrees are by-laws.
Individual orders for the appointment or removal from office relate to the persons indicated in the document.
Often, acts of the head of state are necessary to fill the gap in the legislative framework. Not always the law allows you to find a way out of the situation, then there is a need for additional documents. When a law that is sufficient to make a decision is approved, presidential decrees lose force.
Appointment of the Government of the Russian Federation
According to the Russian constitution , the president of the Russian Federation appoints the chairman of the government. The change of chairman occurs in two cases:
- election of a new president of the Russian Federation;
- resignation of the prime minister.
In both cases, the head of state must propose a new candidate for this post within two weeks. In the case of a change in the head of the country, the period is counted from the day the president takes office. If, by decision of the president, the chairman of the government is removed from office, then two weeks are considered from the day the previous chapter resigned.
In practice, it takes less time to decide on a candidate.
Election of the Chairman of the State Duma
The Chairman of the State Duma in Russia is a significant person. The powers of the chairman last 5 years and end together with the end of the convocation of the Duma.
The duties of the chairman include:
- providing information on bills to current deputies;
- resolve contentious issues between federal and regional elements;
- hold chamber meetings;
- lead the duma, appoint leaders.
The position is significant and it can be assumed that the President of the Russian Federation appoints the Chairman of the State Duma, but this is not so. Elected deputies by secret ballot select a chairman from among the candidates. Each faction nominates its own candidate. Elections are considered valid if at least 50% of the vote is cast for a single candidate. Otherwise, the second stage is appointed, in which 2 candidates with the maximum number of votes take part.
Who appoints the prosecutor
The prosecutor's office is a centralized system led by the prosecutor general. According to Art. 129 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor General represents the highest level of the judiciary.
It seems that the President of the Russian Federation appoints prosecutors at different levels, but, in fact, the head of state can propose a candidate for the post of chief prosecutor of the Russian Federation. The decision about who will occupy this position remains with the Federation Council, which can approve or refuse the proposed candidate.
The Prosecutor General is responsible to the people and takes the oath of office on the Constitution of the Russian Federation before the Federation Council. The prosecutor has the title of Chief Counselor of Justice.
Elections of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
The Federal Assembly in Russia is the highest authority. Who is appointed by the president of the Russian Federation in this structure?
The Federal Assembly takes a decisive role in creating laws, can make appeals to the head of state or make a statement.
The Federal Assembly consists of the State Duma and the Federation Council. From each subject of the Russian Federation, 2 representatives are included in the Federation Council. The president appoints representatives of the Russian Federation, who make up 10% of the members of the upper house, to the upper house of the federal assembly of the Russian Federation.
Meetings of the Federation Council and the State Duma are held separately, the same person cannot work in both houses of the Federal Assembly. But sometimes there are situations in which all deputies come together:
- when listening to messages from the president;
- at the speech of the heads of other states;
- when hearing a message from the Constitutional Court.
When drafting laws in the State Duma, they go through several readings. Further, the law must be agreed upon by the Federal Assembly. The President signs the law or vetoes it. The joint work of all authorities contributes to the development of the state.