Labor resources as an economic category denote the able-bodied part of the entire population of the country, which, due to its intellectual and psychophysiological characteristics, is capable of producing material goods or services. This type of resource includes all people employed in the economy, as well as those who are not employed in it, but who are able to work.
Manpower of an enterprise (personnel) is the aggregate of all individuals who are with the enterprise as a legal entity in a relationship regulated by a contract of employment.
The result of its activities and competitiveness depend on the quality of the labor resources of the enterprise. The concept of "enterprise labor resources" reflects its potential. It is characteristic that, unlike other resources of the enterprise, only this group can require employers to change working conditions and pay, and employees of the enterprise can voluntarily refuse to perform work and quit at their own request. Therefore, the use of labor resources of the enterprise should be as efficient and thoughtful as possible.
The labor resources of the enterprise have two key characteristics: structure and number.
The quantitative characteristic of these resources is determined by the number (the quantity at a certain date according to the documents), the average (for a certain period), and the number (who came to work at a certain time).
Qualitative characteristics of personnel depend on the qualifications of employees and their relevance to their positions. Qualitative characteristics are much more difficult to evaluate than quantitative, since today a unified understanding of the quality of labor has not been developed.
The structure of labor resources is determined by the totality of individual groups of workers, which are combined on a certain basis. Allocate industrial and non-industrial personnel.
Industrial and production resources of the enterprise are involved in the direct production of material assets (workers of workshops, plant management apparatus, scientific departments, etc.).
Non-industrial (non-production) resources are engaged in servicing the sphere of production. This group includes workers employed in the domestic and socio-cultural sphere (subsidiary farms, medical, housing services, schools, etc.).
All employees of an industrial-production enterprise are divided into a number of categories.
Managers manage the enterprise. Manpower of the highest level enterprise - directors and their deputies. The middle link is represented by shift supervisors, workshops, sections. The grassroots level is represented by masters, foremen.
Specialists are employed in workshops and plant management services, they are engaged in engineering training, technology development, production organization, etc. All specialists are divided into levels. The highest level is represented by chief specialists, heads of departments, sectors and their deputies. Medium - by economists, lawyers, engineers, etc. Grassroots - junior specialists, distributors of work, equipment, etc.
Workers are directly engaged in production. Depending on the nature of the participation of workers in the production process, they can be divided into main and auxiliary.
Employees are engaged in technical maintenance of production (draftsmen, accountants, clerks).
The structure can be considered and analyzed according to such characteristics as a professional structure (correlation of professions and specialties), qualification (ratio of workers of different qualification levels or degrees of professional preparedness), gender and age, length of service (general or at the given enterprise), and level of education (higher, incomplete higher, specialized secondary, general secondary, incomplete secondary or primary).