Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky possessed great authority in the field of pedagogy. It was he who contributed to the creation of the pedagogical system, which was based on the global concept of humanism. In his opinion, the educational process should be a joy to both the student and the teacher, only then it will be successful. The famous teacher-innovator has written more than 1,500 scientific and artistic works. In them, Sukhomlinsky speaks about education as one of the main stages of life for any person.
Who is Vasily Sukhomlinsky?
Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky was born in 1918 in the small village of Vasilyevka near Kherson. After graduating from the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, he went home and began to teach Ukrainian language and literature at a local school. Even then, Sukhomlinsky visited the idea that the child should be considered the supreme being in the school and relate to him accordingly; he often said about the education of his students that it was given to him more easily than many other teachers.
After the war, the young teacher became the director of the school and got more opportunities for teaching. He did not hesitate to attract his pupils to set up relevant experiments, and carefully monitored the results. After the analysis, he came to an important conclusion - the entire educational system should be based on the fact that the child is the highest value in her, and all the creative impulses of teachers should be directly related to this.
The educational process should be a joyful work, the innovative teacher considered, and great attention should be paid to reading literature, writing essays, and studying various writing styles. Each child should have his own attitude to the world around him, responsibility to his family, society and his own conscience, Sukhomlinsky believed. In quotes about the upbringing of children of a talented teacher, you can find a huge amount of information that is relevant today.
For example, Vasily Alexandrovich saw the roots of juvenile crime in the absence of a cultural family background. According to him, there were about 750 books in total for 500 families where children committed crimes, while representatives of the younger generation did not know anything about classical literature, music, art and painting. If parents initially instilled in their children a love of beauty, many troubles could have been avoided.
Why is the pedagogue’s legacy controversial today?
Modern theorists of teaching art do not agree with all the statements of one of the main innovators of the XX century. In Sukhomlinsky ’s quotes about education, the most controversial point is his opinion that the child should be rebellious and this is a normal phenomenon, but silence and humility are considered as an anomaly requiring immediate intervention of the teacher and parents. Some educators believe that disobedience should be punished immediately, and in the most serious way.
Vasily Alexandrovich also expressed the idea that the teacher, in order to gain authority among his students, must himself express himself as often as possible in activity and active work. Today's teachers do not think so, in their opinion, credibility is earned by demonstrating a large amount of knowledge on the subject, which the teacher passes to students in the classroom.
Very relevant at the moment is Sukhomlinsky's quote on education, according to which pampered children are formed only in situations where the only joy in their life's journey is consumption. In his opinion, it is possible to educate a real person only in those cases when parents are interested in this, obliged to devote a huge amount of time to the educational process.
But if you consider that modern fathers and mothers are more focused on making money for their families, and the learning processes are completely and completely shifted to teachers and teachers, then the child-consumer is a completely logical result. Here, teachers support this point of view and are increasingly striving to involve parents in the educational process.
What is the main rule of life and upbringing?
V. A. Sukhomlinsky studied the educational process not only as a way of interacting with children, but also as a launching pad for the rest of his life. Already then, in the 1950s, he noted that all young parents faced a similar problem in their relationship - inability to overcome crises and live as a single family. The researcher noted that young dads and mothers do not know how to be husbands and wives, and are absolutely helpless, like little children. And the most important problems, in his opinion, begin after two immature individuals themselves become parents.
High school students should understand how to properly build any relationship, including a romantic one, Sukhomlinsky believed, quotes about the upbringing of children by this innovator in pedagogical science say that both teachers and parents should teach this. If a child does not know what to do with his own desires, does not know how to find optimal solutions in his own family, and does not know how to demonstrate his love, he is unlikely to be a good parent.
The scientist did not come to such conclusions from scratch, for more than 10 years he was engaged in research on divorces. After studying the history of 200 couples, he found that almost 190 of them broke up just because they could not understand each other. In addition, Vasily Alexandrovich identified the reason for the appearance of uncontrolled children in families, it lies in the behavior of parents. If the latter allow themselves to swear in the presence of the child and generally show any negative manifestations in relation to each other, he will adopt the same behavior.
In each school, a subject should be introduced that will study the love, family and marriage, the scientist believed. Sukhomlinsky saw the successful upbringing of a person as one of the most important goals of the general educational process, since the approach to each child makes it possible to achieve stunning results in other subjects and to get a strong personality capable of realizing oneself in life by the end of training.
Mom and Dad - what is their role?
A huge amount of energy today is devoted to bringing up real personalities from today's children. However, teachers are increasingly confronted with the phenomenon when children with whom parents do not do their homework because of employment and who are not scolded for negative grades achieve much greater results compared to those with whom parents and additionally hired teachers work constantly. At first glance, this seems surprising, but if you look at the situation more closely, everything falls into place.
Sukhomlinsky paid a great deal of attention to the study of personality education, which is why he found out that those children who immediately learn to see the world with parental eyes quickly grow up and become able to take responsibility to help their elders. Vasily Alexandrovich noted that adults should demonstrate to their children a clear example of their attitude to the surrounding reality. But notations in this case can have a negative effect, and then the child will react aggressively to any situation in which adults try to convey to him the cause of the incorrect behavior.
Is labor the head of everything?
Parents must pay great attention to instilling diligence in their child, otherwise there is a risk of raising a consumer who is not able to pass on care and love to the next generation. You need to start small, children must learn to observe the world around them, and build causal relationships between phenomena and objects. At first, you will need to tell why the trees differ in height, why the sun only shines during the day, why plants need sunlight, and answer other questions that adults seem completely stupid.
Over time, the child himself will begin to notice the features of the environment and then serious transformations will begin to occur in his brain. The adult's task is to support the pursuit of knowledge so that the child does not feel lonely. In the 60s, when research on this topic was just beginning to be carried out in the USSR, parents had no time to do this, and most often the children received approximately the following answer to their questions: “They will tell at school”. This approach is fundamentally wrong, especially when raising young children under the age of 6 years.
The influence of parents in this case is enormous, and how much effort has been made depends on whether the child really grows up as a harmonious personality. The labor education of Sukhomlinsky also suggests that children from the earliest years should be accustomed to conducting various activities: cooking, cleaning, washing, etc.
It is important that the child perceives the need for labor as efforts that must be made to get something bright and positive. There is a risk here - you cannot constantly motivate children to carry out any activities with material values, otherwise it will be impossible to ask them to do something for free in the future.
How to educate morality in children?
The moral qualities of adults do not always correspond to the ideal, which is why their upbringing in children should be done with the utmost care. According to Sukhomlinsky, moral education can be an effective tool of pedagogy only if the child is susceptible to those measures that are used by adults. For the baby to become educated, it is necessary to make him joyful and happy, because otherwise he will not be able to find out what moral beauty is.
The next stage is to teach the child responsiveness and show that in the world, not everything is always as good as him. Then he will be able to do good deeds towards other people and improve himself. It is easiest to learn this when there is a vivid example nearby that will teach children to believe in humanity. According to the famous teacher, it is necessary that the child knows how to see beauty in the world around him, wants to preserve his beauty and discover something new in human relationships.
In Sukhomlinsky’s research on education, one can find a huge number of examples when he himself created life conditions for his pupils that contributed to their diverse personal development. At the same time, it is very important to constantly monitor the formation of moral qualities, you need to return to this process daily. Children must constantly receive new information with a deeper content, then it will be easier for them to cultivate moral consciousness in themselves, as well as to obtain habits and skills appropriate to it.
Is there a place for punishment in the education system?
As a follower of humanitarian pedagogical theory, Sukhomlinsky considered the use of punishments unacceptable in raising children. Moreover, this prohibition applies even to difficult teenagers, whom adults “sprinkle” most often. According to the scientist, if parents need to punish their own child, serious mistakes were made in his upbringing. At the same time, the prohibitions violated by the child cannot be considered as manifestations of parental love and power. Moms and dads must very subtly feel the border beyond which they can no longer go.
Each child should ideally have a range of activities where adults do not have access. As a rule, they are associated with friendships and games, but the older the child, the more secrets and secrets. Many parents are afraid that sooner or later the presence of secrets from their children will lead to major problems, but if trusting relationships are built between both parties, this can be avoided.
When asked about the principles of working with difficult teenagers, Sukhomlinsky in his statements about education answered that they simply do not have the internal resources necessary for conducting the educational process. Such children, in his opinion, constantly hear criticism from teachers and because of this they are punished by parents, gradually they get used to this model of adult behavior and use their own protective mechanisms. If you praise a difficult child for completing even a simple task, it will be a revelation for him. Several successful completed activities and corresponding praise will let the teenager understand that the teacher is interested in his development, and this will help to establish mutually beneficial cooperation.
Is it difficult to raise a group of children?
The class teacher is always faced with a large amount of work, and this is a completely normal phenomenon. Considering the issues of educating the collective, Sukhomlinsky called it a wealth of individuals, which must be taken into account by the teacher. The teacher should be not only a good organizer, but also a psychologist, able to discern the talents in absolutely every child.
An ideal team should be considered one where each child brings his own strength and spiritual wealth to him, where he shares his experience with others. In this case, the wealth of individuals benefits everyone - the team itself becomes an invisible educator, helping children to reveal high moral principles and learn to set themselves noble goals.
Should parents be raised?
In one of the works of V. A. Sukhomlinsky on education, the book “I give my heart to children,” the scientist described an algorithm for interacting with the mothers and fathers of his students. Each family was different in its human qualities, but all of them had to become a single team together with teachers, this was necessary for a successful educational process.
The teacher saw a number of advantages in this joint work, the main one being that teachers received confidence that the child was supervised, they were interested in and supported by their successes. Parents, together with the class teacher, could solve problems arising in the child’s life, share experience with other dads and mothers.
Today's teachers believe that the education system proposed by Sukhomlinsky will give a full-fledged effect only when using two methods: the parent conference and the periodic visit of the class teacher to the family. Moms and dads can, with the help of a teacher, get the necessary knowledge about the characteristics of their child, about various crises that can lie in wait for him, and develop a joint action strategy to keep him healthy.
What should be a school teacher?
An ideal teacher does not exist, however, each teacher can approach the standard if he adheres to the modest set of rules invented by V.A. Sukhomlinsky, in the education of which there were no equal among scientists of the XX century. In his opinion, the teacher must respect his pupils and love them, be modest, hardworking and decent.
The teacher should generously share spiritual wealth with his students and be a very erudite person. It is important that he is keenly interested in the news of pedagogical science and try to get ahead of the time in which he lives. The teacher for schoolchildren is another parent, and he has a serious mission, so he should be an example for those with whom he shares the classroom every day.