A birthmark in medicine is called melanoform nevus. In general, education is not dangerous as long as its status quo is maintained. But if any changes in the color, structure or size of the nevus have begun, you should immediately consult a doctor. Especially if a black dot appears on a mole, because this can be a sign of a dangerous condition of oncological nature.
Causes of black dots
Typically, black dots appear for the following reasons:
- Physico-mechanical damage to moles. Basically, the nevi are in the form of a hemisphere, slightly elevated above the surface of the skin, respectively, education is easiest to touch with clothing, fingernail or other object. Moles are much more sensitive to pain than ordinary skin, so a person immediately notices such an injury.
- The action of solar ultraviolet radiation. Such radiation is dangerous for the body, especially for the skin. The process of the appearance of black dots is quite simply explained. This is a protective reaction of the body associated with an increased accumulation of melanin in the area with a mole.
Danger of black dots
If a black dot appears on a mole, then this is a sign that some processes have begun to occur in it, which are not always safe for health. There are several reasons for this:
- If black dots appear on a brown mole, then it may be surface-spreading melanoma. This neoplasm is most often found in middle-aged women. Over time, the black dot that appears inside the mole grows, completely changing the color of the nevus to black or blue. After this, the formation begins to increase in size, changing its shape. It becomes hard and rough to the touch. If treatment does not begin at this stage, then subsequently the mole begins to secrete a sacrum and blood when pressed, it becomes painful even with a slight touch of its surface.
- A mole with a black dot in the center may be nodular melanoma. This type of nevus develops within a very short time, which increases its danger at times. Education quickly blackens, increases in size several times, and when it ripens, it begins to ooze in blood and in the blood. This type of neoplasm has no drug treatment. It is removed only surgically.
- Mostly children who spend most of the day in the open sun are exposed to lentiginous melanoma. And if a black dot appears on the leg as a mole, most often on the sole of the foot, then most likely this is this type of nevus. It develops extremely quickly, and if left without treatment, it turns into a malignant tumor.
Sometimes numerous black dots on a mole is a normal occurrence. Such a neoplasm is called Hutchinson's freckles. They occur in people of advanced age against the background of age spots. Such moles grow slowly and can reach 10 cm in diameter. It is necessary to treat these formations, since they are extremely painful and constantly ooze with the blood flow with an admixture of blood.
Possible complications
When a black dot appeared on a mole, this is already a complication. That is, this condition is abnormal, and if you do not start urgent treatment, then the complications can be much more dangerous and harder.
First of all, these are metastases to organs adjacent to the mole. They can relate to internal organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, and stomach. A simple-looking mole may be an indicator of cancer.
Another complication concerns the largest organ in man - the skin. Melanoma leads to skin lesions by multiple moles that make a person's appearance repulsive. Especially when they cover the arms, face, neck and other exposed areas of the body.
Cases of moles covering almost 100% of the patient's skin are known. The situation is further complicated by the fact that melanomas that degenerate from ordinary moles are extremely painful. Any touch causes bleeding and sharp pain.
The most dangerous complication is the penetration of metastases from melanoma into the human brain. If the central nervous system is affected, then the patient's death may occur suddenly, for no apparent reason and prolonged illness.
Additional symptoms
If a black dot appears on a mole, then this is definitely a bad sign and you need to see a doctor. But this is not the only symptom that reports the onset of the development of a dangerous condition in the body. The following manifestations are usually observed:
- The skin around the mole itches and itches. An attempt to scratch the mole itself leads to trauma and bleeding.
- The hair follicles on the skin around the mole are destroyed and the hair falls out. This is especially noticeable on the scalp.
- The spot itself is black in color, appears anywhere in the mole - from the side, in the center, from the edge.
- A mole with a spot is growing rapidly, increasing several times over 2-6 months.
- The surface of the nevus is cracking, oozing with liquid. If you leave the situation without treatment, then the mole gradually turns into a bleeding ulcer.
- Brown spots appear on the skin around the mole.
If the skin turns red around the mole, this means that the body’s immune system is trying to get rid of the neoplasm and it needs to be helped at this moment. Usually a course of treatment and strengthening the immune system is enough.
Diagnostics
The primary diagnosis for determining the degree of danger of a mole can be made independently. And if there are signs that the mole is turning into a dangerous melanoma, you need to urgently contact a specialist.
First of all, you need to remember that if the mole has become more or more convex, this is a bad sign.
Other dangerous symptoms are a change in the color of the mole, its borders, density and sensitivity. All this needs to be paid attention, as the doctor will definitely ask about the dynamics and nature of the changes during the history taking.
The second step in determining why black dots appear on a mole is laboratory research. With their help, the composition of the blood, the level of leukocytes in it, hemoglobin, platelets and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate are determined. Any abnormality in these measurements reports a problem. The efficiency of the kidneys, liver and protein metabolism will be reported by the result of a patient's urine analysis.
Diagnosis
To clarify the diagnosis, various instrumental diagnostic methods are used. For example, dermatoscopy using a device that visually determines the dangers of a mole. To exclude cancer, a histological examination of the tissues of the mole and the skin around it is carried out. In some cases, radiography or computed tomography of the affected area of the skin is used.
Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment of moles with a black dot is ineffective, since the presence of inclusions indicates that the situation is complicated, and complex treatment is required. Usually, the mole itself is treated with Viferon, Forezol, Paneavir and other similar drugs that penetrate deep into the skin. At the same time, the patient undergoes treatment with vitamin complexes and immunity-strengthening drugs, such as Isoprinosine and the like. All drugs are prescribed by the doctor after a thorough diagnosis, self-medication is contraindicated in this situation.
Surgical treatment
A mole affected by a black dot is removed in several ways.
- Laser Therapy During this procedure, the mole is burned layer by layer with a thin laser beam. This allows you to destroy the affected tissue without affecting healthy skin. The procedure is bloodless, so the patient does not face infection and long healing. Immediately after surgery, he can go home. The only drawback of this removal method is severe pain, therefore, before the procedure, the patient is anesthetized with the surgical field.
- Electrocoagulation This method is similar to laser therapy, except that the affected mole is removed by a powerful electric arc.
- Cryodestruction. This method is used to remove small moles by freezing them with a special substance. The procedure is painless and quick. After her, there are practically no scars.
- The classic method of removing moles is by cutting it from the skin. After such an operation, a bleeding wound remains, eventually turning into a scar.
Treatment with folk remedies
There are several methods of treating moles using traditional medicine and medicinal plants. You can use these recipes only after the doctor’s permission and only if the mole is not dangerous to humans. That is, it has not turned into melanoma.
One of the most famous methods in this direction is a compress on a mole of grated garlic and lemon. It is believed that the daily use of this tool will make the mole disappear in a week.
Another compress is soda with castor oil. The tool is prepared simply - castor oil and soda are mixed in equal proportions until a homogeneous mass is obtained. It is applied to the mole within 5 days, and for 10-12 hours. After this, the neoplasm resolves.
You can tie a fresh cut of celandine to the mole, previously lubricating it with the juice of this plant.
Prevention of the appearance of melanoma
In order for moles on the body from harmless formations not to turn into dangerous melanomas, the rules of prevention must be observed:
- Do not appear in the strong sun without clothes and a hat.
- On the beach or near the pool you need to treat the skin with a protective cream.
- You can not abuse the visit to tanning salons, especially if there is a predisposition to the appearance of moles and freckles.
- If you suspect a change in the shape, color and size of the mole, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Conclusion
You need to understand - the sooner you start treatment, the more favorable the prognosis. Even if a person has been diagnosed with cancer of the first degree, he has a good chance of a complete cure. Thus, the main thing in this matter is not to miss the time. At the first symptoms of degeneration of the mole into melanoma, a specialist should be visited to determine further actions.