They completely devoted their lives to the struggle for the health of their neighbors, science, and development. Famous Russian doctors saved many lives and eased the suffering of patients. Who are these great Russian doctors?
Russian doctors who changed medicine. Nikolay Pirogov
The first atlas of topographic anatomy was created by this outstanding person. Pirogov is considered the founder of anesthesia, the founder of field surgery. He also developed the latest surgical operations and a number of techniques. From Pirogov, ether anesthesia began to be widely used in surgery, and he also proposed a rectal method of anesthesia. Particularly widely began to use anesthesia in military field hospitals during the Crimean War. This helped alleviate the suffering of hundreds of wounded. Nikolai Ivanovich first proposed the use of gypsum. Prior to this, starch dressings were used, which were soaked from pus, blood and lost their fixing properties.
During the war, Pirogov was asked to divide all the wounded into four categories. Mortally ill patients were assisted by nurses and priests. The doctor was primarily concerned with seriously injured people who required immediate assistance. Those who did not need an urgent operation were sent to the rear. Paramedics were engaged in lightly wounded, those who were soon able to return to duty. To prevent the spread of infections, Pirogov separated patients with clean wounds from those who started gangrene.
All his life Nikolai Ivanovich advocated the opening of new Sunday schools, and demanded that corporal punishment be abolished in gymnasiums.
Sergey Botkin
Famous Russian doctors have made a significant contribution to the development of domestic medicine. In the XIX century, one of these doctors was Sergey Petrovich Botkin. He graduated from Moscow University, participated in the Crimean War, saved the lives of the wounded in the Simferopol hospital. He worked in foreign clinics in England, Germany, France.
Botkin was one of the first to initiate the organization of women's medical education. He founded medical courses for women and a school of medical assistants.
On his initiative in 1860, the Epidemiological Society was opened in Russia, which successfully began to fight the spread of infectious diseases. Carefully studied diseases such as cholera, plague, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox. In the framework of studies, the causes of hepatitis A disease (among the jaundice) were identified. Since then, the disease has been called Botkin.
Thanks to Sergei Petrovich, the poor began to receive attention, doctors began receiving, visiting at home and providing necessary medicines. Soon the first ambulance appeared in Russia. In 1881, the first free hospital was opened.
The most famous doctors of Russia were Botkin's students, these are A. A. Nechaev, N. Ya. Chistovich, M.V. Yanovsky, I.P. Pavlov, T.P. Pavlov, A.G. Polotebnov, N.P. Simanovsky .
Nikolay Sklifosovsky
Russian professor, founder of abdominal surgery. His name is now the Moscow Institute of Ambulance.
Today it is difficult to imagine medicine without asepsis and antiseptics. The study of disinfection made it possible to take a wide step in medicine and safely carry out operations in the abdominal areas - the liver, gall bladder, thyroid gland, and the genitourinary system. Over the course of his life, Sklifosovsky has written more than seventy works on surgery and asepsis.
As a follower of Pirogov, he made a huge contribution to the development of anesthesia. Before him, during the operation, anesthesia was given only for a short time. The scientist developed an apparatus that maintained anesthesia throughout the operation. For the first time Sklifosovsky carried out anesthesia with a cocaine solution.
During the wars of the Russian-Turkish, Franco-Prussian, Austro-Prussian, he worked as a surgeon, saved hundreds of wounded.
Ivan Pavlov
Famous Russian doctors , whose achievements are known all over the world, are the pride of our medicine.
Ivan Pavlov became the first Nobel laureate in Russia. He received the prize in 1904 for research on the functions of the digestive glands. The scientist began his work with the study of the circulatory system and heart, but later completely devoted his work to digestion. The experiments conducted on dogs made it possible to reveal the secrets of gastric secretion and to obtain pure gastric juice in the future. The reaction to external stimuli led the scientist to new discoveries, Pavlov divided all reflexes into innate and acquired, conditioned and unconditioned, studied sleep problems. The science of higher nervous activity is based on all these discoveries.
Vladimir Vinogradov
Vladimir Vinogradov began his activity by studying the problems of sepsis, early diagnosis of tuberculosis, and cancer. Later, his research expanded. Now, his name is associated with the use in medicine of examination methods - bronchoscopy and gastroscopy, radioisotope diagnostics of thyroid problems. The contribution of the academician in the field of cardiology, the treatment of myocardial infarction is undeniable. In 1961, at the initiative of Vinogradov, the first department was opened for patients with myocardial infarction.
For the first time, the practice of sounding with the introduction of radiopaque substances began to be applied. The most famous doctors of Russia, dealing with cardiac problems, adopted this method.
Famous Russian doctors of the 21st century
Famous names are heard by everyone who revolves in medicine. Many modern prominent figures, of course, began their careers back in the last century. Now they can be called the best doctors of the new millennium. We will mention only some of the most famous names.
Svyatoslav Fedorov
Eye Microsurgery. His developments and achievements completely transformed the world of ophthalmology. Back in 1962, Fedorov created the artificial lens-lens of Fedorov-Zakharov, so far he has no equal. In 1973, the first glaucoma surgery was performed at an early stage. This method is now used by all world clinics. One of the first in the world, Fedorov began to implant an artificial cornea.
Leonid Bokeria
A world famous cardiac surgeon. Despite his venerable age, he still works and has performed more than two thousand open heart surgeries. He developed computer methods for modeling the diagnosis of circulatory system pathologies. Boqueria created devices for remote control of the operation. Many new methods that saved the lives of hundreds of people. Famous Russian doctors and their achievements have always put our country in leading positions in medical research.
In alery Shumako in
The first Soviet doctor to perform a kidney transplant in 1965, and a heart transplant in 1988. He began to practice a two-stage heart muscle transplant. In 1995, the "Guide to Transplantology" was published. Not only a doctor, but also an excellent teacher, graduated 50 doctors and 120 candidates of medical sciences.
Famous women doctors in Russia
If we talk about the most famous female medical doctors of the world level, then, of course, one cannot help but recall our Russian doctors.
Natalya ankylosing spondylitis
During her life she was awarded many titles and various awards in the field of medicine. The main study is the area of the brain in normal and pathological conditions. For the first time, the method of implanting electrodes into the brain was used not only for diagnostic, but also for therapeutic purposes. Under the leadership of Bekhtereva, a new branch of neurosurgery and neurology was created.
Grunya Sukhareva
Leading psychiatrist of the USSR. She wrote many works, conducted a lot of research in the study of mental disorders, schizophrenia. Organized many institutions for children and adolescents with mental disabilities. For many years she was the head of the hospital. Kashchenko.
The very first female doctors of Russia are N.P. Suslov, M.A. Bokov-Sechenov, V.A. Kashevarov-Rudnev.
Children's doctors
The most famous children's doctors in Russia have also contributed to the development of medicine.
Leonid Roshal
Soviet, Russian children's doctor. He is famous for the fact that he always finds himself in the hottest spots, where he especially needs his help and support. He heads the International Fund for Children. He has a huge number of Russian and international awards for saving children in emergency situations.
Leyla Namazova-Baranova
Director of the Research Institute of Pediatrics. The author of 550 scientific papers. He is persistently trying to convey to the population the need for timely vaccination. In all interviews and speeches, he advocates the importance of vaccinations starting in childhood.