Handwrap: Overlay Technique

Desmurgy is a bandage teaching. The basics of desmurgy should be known not only to medical personnel, but also to the layman. This knowledge will help provide effective first aid to the wounded with bleeding, after burns, injuries, injuries with fractures. This article will detail the rules for applying bandages to the wrist and their features.

Types of bandage fixation

Before proceeding to the description of the technique of applying bandages to the hands, you should understand what types of fixation of applying bandages are generally. After all, an effective dressing is one that is securely fixed. This is especially true for bandaging the brush. After all, this is the most mobile part of the human body, which consists of many small bones. Therefore, to ensure its complete immobility is quite difficult.

The main types of fixing bandages on the brush are presented in the table below.

Types of bandage dressings

Applying bandage dressings for wounding the hand can be carried out according to the following types of bandaging:

• circular, or circular;
• spiral;
• creeping;
• intersecting;
• spiky;
• turtle;
• returning.

The circular principle is the simplest. It is used for bandaging both the upper and lower extremities. When applying a circular dressing, each subsequent round should completely overlap the previous one. When bandaging the wrist, this type of dressing is used to fix the bandage around the wrist. It is also used after applying pressure dressings to stop bleeding.

A spiral dressing is somewhat more complicated than a circular one. In this case, a new bandage tour overlaps the previous half, forming a spiral. This type of dressing is used for serious injuries of any part of the body (legs, arms, abdomen), since it can cover a large surface area.

A creeping bandage, like a spiral one, is a form of circular bandaging. When applying the bandage to the brush in this way, the new bandage tour does not overlap the previous one, but, on the contrary, lags behind the width of half the bandage. This dressing is impractical to use in isolation for serious injuries, as it is very fragile. It is usually used to hold dressing when a large area of ​​the limb is damaged. That is, it is superimposed on top of an existing dressing.

A crossover, or cruciform, dressing begins with a fixing circular tour. Subsequently, the bandage rounds are repeated many times, forming a cross over the affected part of the body. In shape, this bandage resembles the number 8. Moreover, each new round of the bandage should overlap the previous two-thirds. It is used for bandaging mobile structures (joints, foot, hand) or parts of the body that have an irregular shape (nape, chest, neck at the back).

The spike-like bandage begins with a fixing tour, then the bandage can gradually go down, then the bandage will be downward, or upward - upward. At the same time, the bandage is crossed, and each new round is closed by two-thirds of the one that was in front of him. The dressing got its name due to the fact that in shape it resembles an ear.

Turtle dressing can be convergent or diverging. This dressing is used for joint damage. It begins with a tour that fixes the bandage to the bandage surface. Subsequent turns overlap on the flexion side of the joint, and on the opposite side they fan out. If the bandage is diverging, then it begins above the joint, and then the rounds diverge from each other. If it converges, then the first round is applied outside the joint, and then the bandage is gradually brought closer to the center.

The returning bandage received its name, since the bandage constantly returns to the place where the bandage began. When applying such a bandage to the fingers of the hand, there is a constant alternation of circular and longitudinal rounds, which go sequentially until the bandage surface is completely covered.

Mitten bandage

Before applying any dressing, the victim should be reassured and the course of subsequent manipulations should be explained to him. To apply the bandage "mittens" on the brush, you need to prepare scissors and a narrow bandage. For a good fixation of the dressing it is necessary to perform the following steps:

1. Make the first fixing move around the wrist, which is called circular.
2. Then hold the bandage from the wrist to the tips of the phalanges of the fingers in a diagonal direction.
3. Throw it over the tips of your fingers and draw it obliquely to the wrist.
4. Make 2-3 strokes in a circular direction, gradually blocking the brush.
5. Again direct the bandage towards the final phalanges in the diagonal direction, but this time change the direction of the bandage, making several circular moves in the transverse direction from the wrist to the wrist and vice versa.
6. Bandage the first (thumb) finger of the brush.
7. Secure the bandage with several circular strokes around the wrist.
8. Cut the bandage from the roll, cut the end and tie a knot.

When applying a bandage “mittens” to the brush, the patient or the victim should sit opposite to the one who is helping. The forearm of the injured arm should lie on a table or on another hard surface, and the hand should hang freely.

One finger bandage

A bandage on the wrist with bandaging of one finger is used for injuring or burning the phalanx. To apply it, you will need a bandage 5 cm wide and more than 2.5 cm long and scissors. The position of the victim should be the same as in the previous case: facing the person who is helping, with a free-hanging brush. The beginning of the bandage is taken in the left hand, and the tip - in the right.

The bandage on the finger of the brush is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The first two reinforcing rounds are made circularly around the wrist joint similarly to the mittens.
2. Next, you need to hold the bandage in the direction of the damaged finger.
3. Bandage the finger from the more proximal to the more distal, that is, from the base to the tip of the finger. Moreover, this is done in spiral passages around the finger.
4. After the finger is completely bandaged, the bandage is led along the rear of the hand in the diagonal direction to the wrist joint. Thus, at the base of the finger, the bandage should intersect with the previous round.
5. Fix the bandage with 2-3 circular rounds on the wrist joint.
6. At the end, the bandage is cut off, its end is cut in half and tied in a tight knot.

Also, for bandaging one finger, you can use the return type of bandage or spike-like.

Reclining Finger Bandage

The returning bandage on the hand is applied when the patient is turned with his face, the forearm is fixed on a hard surface, and the hand hangs freely from it. The dressing is applied as follows:

1. By analogy with other types of dressings on the hands, the first few reinforcing rounds have a circular direction and overlap around the wrist joint.
2. Next, the bandage is on the back of the brush to the damaged finger.
3. The bandage is brought to the tip of the finger.
4. They round the finger with a bandage, transferring it to the palm surface. Bring to the base of the finger, then, holding, again lead the bandage to the tip of the finger, throwing it to the rear of the brush. With the other hand, hold the bandage on the palm surface so that it does not fly off.
5. Bandage with a creeping type to the tip of the finger, and then in the opposite direction, like a spiral.
6. On the rear of the hand, a bandage is led in a diagonal direction to the wrist joint.
7. Fix the bandage on the joint with circular tours.
8. Cut the end of the bandage, cut it in half and tie it into a knot.

Spike Thumb

The beginning of the application of the spicular bandage on the wrist is similar to all other types: to turn the patient to himself, to provide free hanging of the wrist, to begin the application with circular rounds around the wrist joint. The differences begin after these fixing tours. Next, you need to apply a bandage to the brush as follows:

1. Draw a bandage over the back of the hand to the base of the first finger.
2. Bring the bandage to your fingertip.
3. Bend the thumb from the surface of the palm and rear of the hand.
4. Again hold the bandage to your wrist.
5. Take another tour around the wrist joint.
6. Repeat tours in the same way, each time moving to the rear of the brush and fixing the bandage around the wrist.
7. The previous round on the finger must be blocked halfway each time until the finger is completely bandaged.
8. This bandage on the wrist, like the previous ones, ends with fixing rounds around the wrist joint.

Kerchief dressing

The kerchief dressing is widely used in first aid due to its simplicity and accessibility of dressings. It is most advisable to use a kerchief bandage on the hand for fractures of the bones of the wrist or phalanx of the fingers. This bandage will provide peace of hand before the ambulance arrives, when health workers will be able to provide more qualified assistance using special materials.

Any cloth can be used for a scarf: a scarf, a large scarf. The main thing is that when it is folded, it should be triangular in shape. The long side is called the base, the two angles next to it are the ends, and the corner opposite the base is called the peak.

To apply a scarf dressing for fractures of the hand, the base is directed towards the forearm. The fingers are wrapped with the palms on the back of the hand to the forearm. The ends are tied around the wrist. In this case, it is not necessary to tighten too tight so as not to drag the brush and not to displace the fragments of the broken bone.

You can also apply a bandage with a tie. To do this, they fold it like a tie. The middle is laid on the palm, the ends are crossed on the back surface and transferred back to the palm of the hand. Here they fix it.

Glove dressing

When applying a bandage to the brush, the patient’s “glove” is laid facing him. The forearm is fixed on a hard surface, the brush hangs freely from the table. The beginning of the bandage is taken in the left hand, the end of the bandage is in the right hand. Bandaging is done clockwise. For a good fixation of the dressing and its effectiveness, it is necessary to apply a bandage as follows:

1. Make 2-3 circular rounds around the wrist joint. They will fix the bandage around the bandage surface.
2. Pass the bandage to the base of the fingers on the back of the hand. Important! When fixing the right hand, you should start bandaging with the thumb, the left hand - with the little finger.
3. Insert a bandage under the first or fifth finger according to the bandaged hand.
4. Using a spiral type of bandage, hold the bandage from the base to the tip of the finger, and then back. Ensure that each subsequent round overlaps the previous two-thirds. So the bandage will sit securely on your finger.
5. In the same spiral rounds, return to the base of the finger.
6. Draw a bandage from the base of the finger along the rear of the hand to the wrist, making a cruciform tour.
7. Hold the bandage on the wrist circularly and again pass along the rear of the hand to the base of the next finger.
8. Bandage the next finger with spiral strokes similar to the previous one.
9. Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 until all fingers are bandaged.
10. Like other dressings on the wrist, this one is fixed with circular rounds on the wrist joint.

Cruciform dressing

The cross-shaped bandage on the brush also received the name eight-shaped because of its shape. Like other dressings, it begins with a circular round, and then forms a figure eight. Due to the application of such a bandage, the distal arm becomes completely immobilized. And it is superimposed as follows:

1. The skin around the joint is treated with an antiseptic solution to prevent the entry of pathogenic microorganisms.
2. The hand is fixed, and the brush is left to hang freely, as with other dressings.
3. Make the first two fixing turns with a bandage around the wrist.
4. Next, the bandage is diagonally along the rear, passing on the wrist.
5. They make a circular tour and return back along the rear of the hand to the wrist joint.
6. Each subsequent turn of the bandage should half overlap the previous one.
7. Thus, several repeated bandages are performed.
8. The dressing ends with fixing coils just above the wrist joint.

A cruciform dressing is used in such situations:

• with fractures of the bones of the wrist;
• dislocation of the wrist joint;
• muscle pain syndrome;
• sports injuries;
• pain in the joint due to the development of the inflammatory process or the accumulation of blood in it, which is called hemarthrosis.

First aid for burns of the brush

The correct application of a bandage for a burn of the hand is a very important stage in first aid. After all, a burn is a risk factor for the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result of this, infection can develop, which will further exacerbate the patient’s already serious condition. This is especially true for burns more difficult than the second degree, which are accompanied by severe damage to the skin.

The application of a dressing in such an injury isolates the skin surface from the environment, thereby preventing microbial contamination. To make the dressing effective, you need to follow these rules:

1. Before applying the bandage, stop exposure to the etiological factor (hot water, fire, etc.).
2. If mittens, gloves or a burn surface are covered with other clothing elements, they must be completely released. The dressing is applied only to the skin!
3. If part of the clothes stuck to the wound, do not tear it off. It is necessary to trim the fabric around and bandage it on top.
4. To anesthetize the damaged area and relieve swelling, it should be cooled. To do this, the brush is substituted under cold running water for 15-20 minutes. This technique will not only reduce pain, but also provide better fixation of the dressing, as the swelling will not interfere with the application.
5. The bandage must completely cover the burn surface, but so that it does not go beyond the edges of the wound by more than 2 cm.

Information on the main types of dressings for the brush that are used for burns are presented in the table below.

, . - .