Autumn, as always, pleases us with its harvest. Among her generous gifts are grapes. Puzenko Natalya and her family have been growing these fruits for over 20 years. She gladly shares her experience with other winegrowers, both experienced and beginners.
Puzenko Natalia is not just a winegrower, she is also an agronomist and scientist. Therefore, her knowledge can really be very valuable for those who want to do it seriously. Moreover, Natalia is focused on the final result and for this she developed her own method and principle of planting.
Basic rules for the cultivation of grapes
For planting, Natalia carefully selects healthy seedlings, without the slightest sign of damage. But even before planting grapes, Natalya Puzenko pays attention to climatic conditions. Each region has its own rules for the cultivation of grapes. But Natalya Puzenko calls light, humidity and temperature the most important criteria for propagating grapes. It is on this that the ripening period depends. The main rule: grapes love the sun. Therefore, they plant it on the south side, away from buildings, shrubs, trees, a reservoir.
With special love, Natalia helps the winter vineyard. To do this, she covers it with a special film with large and medium cells, protects the banners from the wind. Of all the tried methods, this one finds the best.
Choosing a vineyard planting location
First of all, before planting grapes Puzenko Natalia advises to prepare the soil. It is better to do this in advance so that the soil settles and does not damage the roots of the seedlings, and also so that there is time to improve the fertility of the earth, if there is such a need. If you do not prepare the soil in advance, then there is a danger that it will begin to settle and not only tighten the planted seedling deeper, but it will also break its roots. As a rule, three kinds of seedlings are planted: grafted, grown from annual cuttings or greenhouse.
Before planting, there is still such a trick: seedlings are very important to soak for a couple of days in growth stimulants. Or just in water with honey for 10 liters - 2 tablespoons. And only after that cut them 2-3 eyes 0.5 cm higher than the last kidney. The next stage of vineyard care is formation.
Vineyard Formation
Pusenko Natalia pays special attention to the formation of grapes. She divides it into three types of pruning: short, long and mixed. Natalya advises doing this in the fall, because in the spring the vine "cries." And she herself is very nervous about this. Therefore, it uses the formation that the grape plant itself brought.
We can say that Natalya cuts the grapes with such love, as if she listens to the wishes of each bush and as her heart tells her.
Natalya does not hide her knowledge of pruning from beginners either. But to begin with, she advises to learn only eleven new words - the names of the parts of the vineyard and their designations:
- Top of the bush.
- Hangers.
- Young vine.
- Escape substitution.
- Half arches.
- Part of the fetus.
- False escape.
- Young escape.
- Underground Stamb.
- Bottom roots.
- Upper roots.
Basic rules for cropping
1. Cut off on one side of the sleeves.
2. Do not leave hemp on the cut.
3. At a depth of fifteen centimeters underground, cut shoots that do not bear fruit.
4. Above the eyelet on an annual vine, leave after trimming 0.5-1 cm.
5. To direct the blade to the removed part of the vine.
6. To disinfect a sharp edge of a knife.
When to crop? Each area is different. In moderate latitude since the second half of October. When pruning in the fall, annual shoots are shortened to a length of 10-12 buds per vine, cutting out all other shoots.
In the spring, cut immediately after opening. Remove frozen and dry twigs, pinch and form a vine.
Types and varieties of grapes
It was said above to understand which variety to choose, you need to evaluate the climate. Natalia advises making a choice from the bush. Go to the vineyards on the site and right on the spot to try the fruits and choose to taste. But the last one for every gardener can have his own. Therefore, Natalia shares those varieties that are more to her taste.
The article has a photo of Natalia Puzenko with Sofia grapes.
The earliest is Elegant, matures in late June.
Following him, Tasson and Transparent are ripening. The latter really shines through, even seeds are visible through it. And at Tasson's ends are slightly pinkish.
Tomaysky and Black Magical have purple and large clusters with crisp and sweet flesh.
Timur and Timur Pink are very similar to each other. The last variety has slightly pinkish berries at the ends.
The Bunches of Songs are “just a song,” and Sasha is delighted, and this is the second name for Sasha. According to agronomist Natasha, these are her favorite large-fruited varieties.
Children usually love Kishmish, because it is pitted.
Cardinal - crisp pulp, large brushes and berries.
Arcadia - very large clusters! Up to 3 kg, one bunch ripens. But this is not the largest grape.
Laura is a champion in sweetness, taste and appearance.
Gift Zaporozhye and Talisman reach 4 kg! These are the "heavyweight champions"! Between themselves differ in maturity. The mascot matures earlier for a couple of weeks than the Gift Zaporozhye. Both are stored until the New Year holidays. And these are just some of the varieties that Natalya highlights in her Puzenko vineyard. Everything is simply impossible to describe; there are more than 200 types of them!
Unfortunately, grapes, like people, tend to hurt. But winegrower Puzenko Natalia will talk about how to treat vines.
The main methods of combating grape diseases
Ailing, the vineyard may die completely, if you do not resort to urgent measures. But Natalya does not abuse chemicals, saying that it is better to prevent the disease than to treat it later. Moreover, seedlings develop resistance, that is, addiction to drugs. Because of this, you have to double the dose.
Preparations are systemic, systemic-contact and contact. The former penetrate the plants through the leaf and prevent the disease from developing, and contact methods are more "grandfather" methods that protect against infection. The winegrower advises the use of predominantly systemic contact preparations.
Natalia as an agronomist does not stand still. As she herself says: the cultivation of grapes is a whole science, and there will be no last point in it, there will always be where to grow and develop!