Preschool age is characterized by going beyond the boundaries of family relationships and establishing relationships with a new adult world. The period that a child passes from the moment of his birth to his entry into school life is the most saturated in terms of the degree of mental and physical development. It is at this stage that all the necessary qualities that make him human are formed. Preschool age provides the general development of the child, which serves as the foundation for the acquisition in the future of various special knowledge and skills. This period contributes to the assimilation of various areas of activity in the future. It is preschool age that forms the properties and qualities of the psyche of a small person, which are a hallmark of behavior, character, as well as attitudes toward the world.
Preschool age is a period of life and development of children aged three to seven years. It is these years that are characterized by further physical development, as well as an increase in the intelligence of the child. Children's movements become more free. The child is talking well. The world of childhood experiences, sensations and perceptions is rich and diverse.
The growth and weight gain of the child during this period is characterized by unevenness. Changes in preschool age and skin. It thickens and becomes much more elastic. This reduces the number of blood vessels in it. Thus, the skin is more resistant to various mechanical influences. The ossification of the bones of the skeleton by the age of five or six is not yet over, but the spine takes on forms, as in an adult.
Preschool age is characterized by great mobility. In children, the muscle system is particularly actively developing, which significantly increases the load on the skeleton.
The cardiovascular system is undergoing changes. Its performance and endurance is significantly increased. The neuropsychic development of the child reaches a high level . At the same time, the intellectual relationship of the small person with the world around him is improved. Gradually growing stock of words. At this age, with sufficient certainty, the child can express his emotional state - grief and joy, embarrassment and fear, pity and disappointment. It is in the preschool period that moral understandings of the situation develop and become defined. Then the concept of assigned responsibilities appears.
Education for preschool children is through role-playing games. In this case, the child has a desire for adulthood. At the age of three to seven years, the game is the main activity, as it contributes to changes in the psyche of a small person. In this case, the formation of the sign function of the child’s consciousness is especially bright.
When playing a game, a small person is able to replace various objects, as well as take on a role. It is in this process that the relationship between adults that opens up for the child.
The development of preschool children is carried out thanks to a variety of types of creativity. A special place in this process belongs to the visual arts, in particular - painting. By the nature of the images on paper, one can judge the child's perception of the world around him, his imagination and memory, as well as thinking. It is through drawings that children convey their knowledge and the impressions that they receive.
An important role in the development of children is played by the cognitive process. This period combines thinking, speech and imagination. This factor underlies the full-fledged teaching of languages (both native and foreign). In the process of education, moral standards, rules and forms of cultural relations are assimilated. The peak of the development of the personality of a small person in the preschool period is the formation of his self-consciousness, which recognizes his own qualities of character and ability, as well as the causes of failure and success.