Forests are called the lungs of our planet. They participate in the process of photosynthesis, making the region suitable for living. That is why the processing of wood waste is so important. Statistics show that about a quarter of all wood remains in the forest. Thin trunks of young growth, branches, hemp - all this remains to rot in place. Production from wood waste of this kind is not developed. The remaining elements of the tree significantly complicate the restoration of the forest after the completion of deforestation.
Important facts
Trimming, sawdust, bark, which are formed during the processing of wood, also does not apply. Often this wood waste is simply burned in stoves.
How appropriate is this application? Can wood waste be profitable? Let's try to find the answers to these questions.
Use case
All wood waste is divided into several groups:
- wooden packaging and containers;
- shavings;
- sawdust;
- wood trimming;
- natural wood waste.
Experts are convinced that they can be processed in full, losing only a minimum percentage of the tree.
In our country, the use of wood waste is reduced to burning. The main goal of this process is to obtain additional heat. From an environmental point of view, such a method is safe for the environment, but it is not economically feasible.
Processing into briquettes
There are several other ways you can turn waste waste into an effective source of income. Wood waste turns into briquettes, coal, synthesis gas. Charcoal is obtained by pyrolysis (burn garbage without access to atmospheric oxygen). A product of this transformation is suitable for use not only for domestic purposes, but also in the metallurgical, light industry.
The fuel obtained by burning briquettes is recognized as high-quality and economically sound.
To bind sawdust into briquettes, special resins are used.
During gasification, wood waste is converted into synthesis gas. This method is used in our country in minimal volumes, despite the fact that it has a clear economic benefit. The resulting product is ideal for the subsequent production of gasoline and diesel fuel.
From an environmental point of view, gasification practically does not pose a threat to the environment, since harmful impurities do not enter the earth's atmosphere.
Industrial application
Different types of wood waste are used for industrial purposes. For example, they are in demand in the manufacture of components for the furniture industry.
Such waste is irreplaceable in the manufacture of chipboard, fiberboard, in construction. Currently, sawdust, wood shavings are used to create pyrotechnic products, toys. In agriculture, the waste goes to the manufacture of animal feed and fertilizer. The chemical industry is one of the main consumers of wood raw materials. Yeast, oxalic acid, lignosulfonate, ethyl alcohol are produced from it.
Wood flour is used as an additive in putty, glue, various products are created on its basis by piezo-thermoplastics.
In our country, a huge amount of wood waste remains, the competent utilization of which is the basis of Russia's economic profit.
Classification of woodworking and sawmill waste
Those residues that are formed during the processing of raw materials at industrial enterprises are divided into several groups:
- tails and humpbacks of boards;
- transverse and longitudinal cuts formed in woodworking and sawmilling (end cuts of boards and logs), pencils, cutting scrap, trimming dry parts;
- tiled and plywood: the remains of glued plywood, veneer, chipboards;
- shavings obtained in the process of processing parts and blanks in industries and machines;
- wood dust, sawdust when sawing wood;
- bark formed during the cleaning of roundwood in plywood, sawmill, pulp and paper production.
To such types, you can add a significant amount of wood materials, which are formed during the manufacture of furniture in various workshops that have appeared in recent years in our country.
All these wastes are conventionally divided into large-wood (business), the dimensions of which are suitable for machining into the right thing with the use of woodworking equipment, as well as trifles, for its use special production is required.
Composition and scope of application
Nowadays, almost all wood waste is recycled in European countries. About 11% of them are in bark, 13% in sawdust, and 10% in shavings. Only 25% is business waste that can become a raw material for the manufacture of plates, the functioning of the pulp and paper industry.
In the USA, after introducing chippers and debarking machines into production, high-quality wood chips are obtained; moreover, it was possible to reduce the cost of producing them.
Most of the resulting waste is used in the pulp and paper industry. In connection with the depletion of the resource base, many countries of the world are trying to use waste.
If in the days of the USSR, slab was used in large volumes as fuel, today the situation has changed. These types of wood waste began to be used in furniture production. Parquet, boards, box containers, barrels are obtained from large wastes. In the construction industry, they go to the production of pressed joinery.
To summarize
Among the promising areas for the use of wood waste, it should be noted their use in briquette production. In recent years, special plants have been opened in many Russian regions that process wood and particle residues into compact granules and briquettes. For example, such enterprises have already shown their profitability and expediency in Karelia, the Arkhangelsk region.
These regions are the “forest forge” of Russia. Whereas earlier they were harvested to a greater extent, and no attention was paid to issues of its full processing, now the situation has changed for the better.
Understanding how important it is to clean a forest plot in a quality manner in order to be able to plant seedlings on the site of the cut down forest, innovative technologies for processing wood waste are being introduced in the Arkhangelsk region, including directly on the plot itself.
Domestic briquette plants have mastered the technology of manufacturing high-quality briquettes, so the sale of finished products is carried out not only in the domestic market, but also outside the Russian Federation.
Environmentalists are convinced that with deep processing of wood, no harm will be done to the environment, and the country will be able to count on stable economic profits.