Each text is a sequence of sentences that have a logical and semantic connection between themselves. Sentences consist of words, and it is precisely the words that determine the meaning of the entire text and individual sentences. But in each text there are special - supporting - words. What is it and what is their feature, consider the example of children's fairy tales. Why exactly children's fairy tales? Because the topic "Supporting Words" is part of the school curriculum of the second grade of a comprehensive school.
Children not only learn supporting words, but also learn to put the knowledge gained into practice. And the fairy tale is one of the closest literary genres for children of this school age.
Key words - what is it
If all adjectives are crossed out in a fairy tale, she will lose her colors, lose her emotions. But the meaning will still remain and will be clear even to the child. Then you can cross off all repeating words, leaving only one at a time, exclude all words related to the service parts of speech.
At the next stage, remove from the text pronouns and numerals, participles and participles. Leave proper names, verbs that describe the main actions that indicate the main meaning of the text. As a result, there will be a short list of words in which the content of the tale, which is so mercilessly "corrected", will be easily guessed. They are called supporting. You can easily determine the topic of the text from them. According to these words, you can also easily restore the lost text or write a new one.
A lesson like a fairy tale
Children more easily remember the information presented to them in a playful way. Therefore, explaining to students the topic “Supporting Words”, what it is, teaching them to identify a topic of narration and highlighting support words in a text in a lesson built as a fairy tale is a great idea that will succeed. You can tell the children a fairy tale about how the evil magician enchanted fairy tales and almost all the words turned into boulders.
Children are happy to get involved in such a game. Every child is ready to fight the evil wizard and do everything possible to defeat good over evil. By the end of the lesson, the class will be filled with real magic - children will learn how to remove the evil spell from fairy tales. A "fairy-tale" lesson will allow children to easily learn the concept of "support words", what it is and how to use the support words to compose stories on a given topic.
Objective Lesson Objectives
Studying any topic in the primary school curriculum has three main objectives - educational, developmental and educational. Achieving the educational goal depends entirely on the example on the basis of which the lesson material will be presented. For example, if the basis of the presentation of a new topic will be a work of fine art or a piece of music, then we can safely say that the teacher is trying to instill in children a love of art. For example, he can demonstrate to his students a picture of a famous artist and ask him to name what they see in the picture. The picture should be clear to children of this age category. You can choose a landscape, as in the picture of I. Levitan "Golden Autumn".
Nevertheless, the main goal is educational. During the lesson, children should learn to determine the topic of the narrative by supporting words, make a story based on supporting words, and determine intersubject communication. Composing a story based on supporting words is a creative work. She develops memory, attention, creativity of thinking, speech.
Case endings and key words
But do not confuse reference words for composing a story on a given topic with words that help to remember the correct spelling of unstressed case endings of nouns of different declensions.
In Russian, in addition to the fact that nouns vary by gender and number, they change by case. And it often happens that the ending of a noun is unstressed, so the letter may have some difficulties with writing such nouns in different cases. But do not despair, support words will come to the aid to verify the spelling of words. The secret is simple: nouns of the same declension in the same cases have the same endings.
Operation algorithm (reference words for verification)| Step 1 | determine the declination |
| Step 2 | determine the case |
| Step 3 | remember the ending for the word in this case and declension |
| Step 4 | check the spelling of the ending with a support word |
If you decline the support words in the cases, you will find a pleasant pattern - in the genitive, instrumental, dative and prepositional cases, they have a stressed ending. Support words are needed only for nouns of the first and second declension. For example, for the first declination, the word "earth" is suitable as a reference, and for the second - "bucket".