Current legislation provides for mandatory pre-trip medical examinations of all drivers before the start of a shift or flight. Only drivers who drive vehicles subordinate to emergency operational services, the Ministry of Emergencies, ambulance, car inspection, etc., are not subject to such inspection.
After inspection, a mark is placed on the waybill and a corresponding entry is made in the journal.
Inspections are entitled to specialists with secondary or higher medical education, both those employed by the employer and those working in third-party specialized companies.
Types of medical examinations provided for drivers
Driving a vehicle involves not only knowledge of traffic rules, but also driving in a completely sober form and the absence of diseases that can affect concentration.
Preliminary inspection
Before signing an employment contract with a candidate for a driver’s position, the employer must make sure that there are no deviations in the person, both physiological and psychological-emotional in nature. To do this, the candidate must undergo a preliminary medical examination, regardless of whether he gets a job in a large corporation or an individual entrepreneur. The inspection fee must be paid by the employer.
Before examination, a potential employee is given a referral to a specific medical institution. Such an institution may be municipal or private, with an appropriate permit for the right to conduct such examinations. The employer and the medical center work on contractual terms.
Periodic inspection
In addition to the preliminary examination, the driver must undergo a periodic medical examination every two years. The responsibility for tracking inspection dates lies not only with the driver, but also with the employer. The time that the driver spent on passing mandatory medical examinations should be paid in the amount of the average monthly wage.
Pre-trip inspection
Medical pre-trip examination is not only a mandatory requirement of the legislator, but also one of the conditions for the safety of the driver and others.
The medical personnel conducting the examination determine how healthy the driver is, whether he has a hangover syndrome and symptoms of overwork. Did the driver use alcoholic drinks or narcotic substances before the shift that could affect the ability to drive a vehicle? If the physician at least has a suspicion during the period of the medical pre-trip examination that the driver is not able to drive the car, then he will be suspended from his duties. However, it should be remembered that a person can be examined for the presence of drugs in the body only with the consent of such a person. As a rule, such consent is given at the time of signing the employment contract.
Who has the right to inspect
The legislator identifies three options for organizing pre-trip medical examinations:
- A doctor with a special certificate that works in the state of the enterprise. In this case, the legal entity is not required to obtain a license.
- Outside organization. The company has the right to enter into an agreement with a company that has a license to conduct medical examinations. The list of such institutions includes not only municipal enterprises, but also private legal entities specializing in this type of service.
- The carrier company is entitled to independently obtain a license to conduct pre-trip medical examination of drivers. Although such expenses are advisable only if the company is large and has a huge staff of drivers.
Whichever option is chosen, only medical personnel who have received special training and received the appropriate certificate or diploma are entitled to conduct an examination.
Inspection Procedure
The most important thing is that conducting a pre-trip medical examination of drivers is mandatory for all enterprises that have drivers in their staff, even if it is one. No matter what kind of transport he drives, what is the distance of the trip.
Health check is carried out before departure and is counted in the total working time.
If the examination is carried out on the territory of the enterprise, then it is necessary to equip an office with an area of at least 12 square meters. m. If the company is serviced by a third-party organization located in another part of the city, then it makes sense to organize corporate transfers of all employees to the place of inspection and vice versa.
During the examination, the doctor finds out the health of the driver, determines how much he is ready to fulfill his immediate responsibilities for driving. Pupils, skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth are checked. The driver is questioned about his health. If the inspected person is prone to increased pressure, then a corresponding mark is made in his card with boundary indicators at which he can be admitted to his labor duties. If necessary, a test for alcohol can be performed using a breathalyzer. The entire procedure for medical pre-trip examination of one person is given no more than 1 minute. If the doctor has certain suspicions, then the examination may be delayed.
Inspection Documents
All data obtained during the pre-trip medical examination of drivers is entered in the appropriate journal and waybill.
A stamp is put on the waybill, confirming that the person is allowed to work. On the stamp is applied information with the full name the doctor who conducted the examination.
As for the waybill, for the pre-trip medical examination journal of drivers there is a certain form, which is enshrined in Instruction No. 555. The following columns are filled in the journal:
- the date of the;
- FULL NAME. person to be examined;
- possible complaints;
- temperature and blood pressure;
- breath test results;
- heart rate
- if the driver was referred to the doctor with certain complaints, then a note is made about this;
- Signature of the doctor conducting the examination.
All entries are numbered, and the journal itself is necessarily flashed, sealed with the seal and signature of the head of the enterprise, or with the seal and signature of the enterprise that conducts inspections on a contractual basis. If the journal is kept in electronic form, then it must be certified by a qualified electronic signature.
In addition to keeping a journal, the company must issue an order for pre-trip medical examinations. The administrative document displays information on who is entrusted with the function of conducting the survey, in which room the whole procedure is carried out. It is recommended to indicate who is responsible for monitoring the inspections, which official procures the necessary equipment, inspects breathalyzers, changes them or repairs them.
It is also better to indicate who will replace the medical worker during his absence, due to illness or in connection with a vacation.
Responsibility
Pre-trip and post-trip inspections are mandatory for everyone, and non-compliance with this requirement may result in penalties:
- a driver who has not undergone a medical examination may be fined up to 1.5 thousand rubles;
- a health worker who does not follow the examination procedure may be fined from 2 to 3 thousand rubles;
- the owner of the company and the holder of vehicles may be fined from 30 to 35 thousand rubles.
These fines are entitled to be imposed not by the traffic police, but by the bodies for supervision and control in the field of healthcare.
As part of the enterprise, disciplinary measures may also be applied to a driver who attempted to assume his duties.
In general, the organization of pre-trip medical examinations is an important element of the enterprise’s life, especially if it has a large number of drivers on its staff. Do not formally relate to medical examinations and do not forget that everywhere there is a human factor. It is necessary to monitor not only the drivers, but also the medical staff, as some people quickly establish trusting relationships and as a result, all examinations are carried out through the sleeves.