The vaccination table for children under one year. Vaccination schedule for children under one year

Modern parents are divided into three types: the first are in favor of vaccinating children, the others are against, and the third are in thought. Before joining any of the groups, it is necessary to understand the concept of “vaccination” and familiarize yourself with the material presented. We will consider all the main vaccinations up to a year (which are mandatory, and which are optional), as well as get acquainted with the list of vaccines given after reaching one year of age.

Vaccination history

The first vaccination records date back to the 8th century. At that time, healers of ancient Indian medicine found that vaccination against smallpox causes immunity to its severe form. But due to the lack of knowledge about the varieties of the disease, the result of vaccination was often fatal.

For centuries, scientists from different countries dealt with the issue of disease prevention through vaccination, conducted research, wrote scientific papers. But only at the end of the 19th century, Louis Pasteur (French immunologist) was able to get quite close to the method of developing vaccines for various infectious diseases.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 100 different vaccines have been developed that protect against forty infections that are caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

What is vaccination?

Vaccination (vaccination) is an increase in immunity in a synthetic way, by introducing special material into the human body to increase its resistance to various infectious diseases. Vaccinations are given for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

Methods of vaccination

Vaccination of children is carried out in the following ways:

1. Intramuscular injection The most preferred method of administering vaccines, since in this case it resolves faster, immunity begins to develop faster, while reducing the risk of allergic reactions.
2. Oral way. Thus, a vaccine against enterovirus infections is administered, which is in the form of drops, with sugar or cracker, swallowed by the patient. The disadvantage of this method is that the correct dosage may not be observed.
3. Intradermally. In this way, vaccines such as anti-tuberculosis BCG, live tularemia and anti-venipose are introduced.
4. Subcutaneous injection. The method is preferred for many inactivated and "live" vaccines (from rubella, measles, mumps, yellow fever and others).
5. Intranasal method. It involves the introduction of a vaccine through the nose and is a method of combating diseases that spread by airborne droplets.

Compulsory and additional vaccinations

In the Russian Federation, the vaccination plan for up to a year includes mandatory and additional vaccination.

Mandatory vaccination - vaccinations against infections and diseases of the most severe forms. They are also included in national and regional vaccination calendars. Additional vaccination is carried out at the request of the patient, for example, before traveling.

For the last time, the national vaccination calendar for children under one year of age and older was approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated February 02, 11 under number 51 “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications”. The approved vaccination table for up to a year and older provides for the introduction of vaccines against such common common infectious viral and bacterial diseases as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, mumps and others.

Compulsory vaccinations for children under one year of age - schedule

Below is a list of vaccinations that are mandatory for a child up to one year old.

The vaccination schedule for up to a year may shift slightly, for example, a vaccination against tuberculosis for children who at birth weighed less than 2000 grams is done later, because they have very thin skin.

Additional vaccinations

The list of vaccinations is quite large, so the most common ones will be mentioned below.

What vaccinations per year do a child do without fail

After complex vaccination at 6 months, the child is vaccinated at 1 year. It includes vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps.

Measles is a viral disease that spreads by airborne droplets (during a conversation, during coughing, sneezing, etc.). The temperature rises to 39-40 ° C. Symptoms are as follows: intoxication, rash, damage to the nasal mucosa and larynx (runny nose, cough, sneezing, photophobia).

Rubella is a viral infection. Distributed by airborne droplets. Children carry the disease easier than adults. Symptoms are: mild fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes. If a child falls ill with rubella in the womb, then there is a high risk of miscarriage or the development of congenital malformations of its development.

Mumps is a virus that causes mumps. When it enters a healthy body through the airborne droplet and through contaminated objects, it begins to multiply rapidly in the salivary glands. Symptoms: fever, increased salivary glands, general malaise, loss of appetite.

A comprehensive vaccination is done per year under the scapula. Revaccination occurs at 6 years. A vaccination of 1 year forms an immune defense against measles, rubella and mumps for 25 years.

The difference between government vaccinations and paid

Recently, cases have become more frequent when doctors at polyclinics offer parents to do both state free vaccinations and paid ones. At the same time, there is no one hundred percent statement that a paid vaccine is better.

Most often, paid vaccinations for children under one year of age are a vaccine that contains components against several diseases, for example, against diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio, and type B influenza. A free vaccination differs in that one or several components are absent. This does not mean that it will be ineffective. Just a vaccination schedule of up to a year provides for vaccinations in several ways, for example, polio vaccination is done separately (not intramuscularly, but orally).

Also, due to the large number of vaccines after paid vaccinations, there is a share of the likelihood of side effects that would not have happened with a standard vaccination. All vaccines, paid and public, are on the list of recommended and licensed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Contraindications for vaccination

The following contraindications for vaccination are:

1. True, that is, those that are proved by various studies and are listed in the official Russian and international instructions.
2. False created by opponents of vaccination.
3. Absolute - refer to true contraindications, in which vaccination is completely excluded.
4. Conditional (relative) - refers to the true contraindications, in which the doctor makes the decision to vaccinate, based on the history of the patient’s clinical chart and the current epidemic situation.
5. Temporary, that is, the patient has the following symptoms at the time of vaccination: fever, unacceptable blood and urine tests, elevated or underestimated clinical norm, weakness, and the presence of inflammatory processes.
6. Permanent - those that are not removed even after the passage of time.
7. Private contraindications relate to a specific vaccine.

More contraindications can be found by studying the table below.

The provided list of contraindications tends to be reduced. This is due to the improvement of vaccines in recent years.

Tips: before, during and after vaccination

In order for the vaccine to fulfill its purpose, and not cause harm, and the child was not afraid of further this procedure, the following recommendations exist:

• it is necessary to do blood and urine tests;
• get the conclusions of a pediatric neurologist and allergist;
• do not feed the child before vaccination with new food for him;
• Do not scare the baby with vaccinations, even if it is a comic form;
• take your favorite baby toy and a clean diaper or sheet for vaccination;
• do not forget the vaccination certificate (if any);
• discuss with your doctor all your questions and doubts;
• on the day of vaccination itself, measure the baby's body temperature;
• try not to worry yourself and not to show your anxiety to the child;
• if during the vaccination the child cried, then let him cry, and then let the baby take a deep and slow breath.

After vaccination, remember the following:

• stay for half an hour in the clinic to stabilize the condition of the child;
• in case of DTP vaccination in a hot season, give the child an antipyretic;
• on the day of vaccination, avoid water procedures and long walks.

Also, do not forget that you can change the usual diet of the baby no earlier than 3 days after the vaccination. Side effects do not necessarily appear immediately, some may occur only on the 5th day.